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Recombinant Human Growth Hormone: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects
Summary of Key Points
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is a medication used to treat conditions related to growth hormone deficiency and other disorders. It is commonly prescribed for adults with growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and muscle wasting. This medication helps stimulate growth, increase muscle mass, and improve overall health. Always consult a healthcare provider, such as one of our telemedicine specialists, before starting or adjusting your dose.
Names of Medication
US Brand Names:
- Genotropin (somatropin)
- Humatrope (somatropin)
- Norditropin (somatropin)
- Omnitrope (somatropin)
- Saizen (somatropin)
- Zomacton (somatropin)
The generic name refers to the active ingredient, listed in parentheses, while the brand name is given by the manufacturer.
Pharmacologic Category
Growth Hormone (GH) Agonist
Dosing for Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
Recombinant human growth hormone is prescribed for various conditions, with dosing tailored to the specific condition being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them before making any changes to your dose. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for personalized care.
Growth Hormone Deficiency (Adults)
Initial Dose: 0.15 to 0.3 mg subcutaneously once daily.
Maintenance Dose: Adjust based on clinical response and IGF-1 levels. The typical range is 0.15 to 0.75 mg/day.
Duration: Long-term treatment, reassessed periodically.
Turner Syndrome
Initial Dose: 0.3 to 0.375 mg/kg/week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections.
Duration: Treatment typically continues until growth is complete or as directed by your healthcare provider.
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Initial Dose: 0.24 mg/kg/week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections.
Duration: Long-term treatment, reassessed periodically.
Chronic Kidney Disease
Initial Dose: 0.35 mg/kg/week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections.
Duration: Continued until renal transplantation or as directed by your healthcare provider.
Idiopathic Short Stature
Initial Dose: 0.24 to 0.37 mg/kg/week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections.
Duration: Treatment typically continues until growth is complete.
Short Bowel Syndrome
Initial Dose: 0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily for 4 weeks.
Duration: Typically limited to 4 weeks of treatment.
Cachexia (Muscle Wasting)
Initial Dose: 0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily.
Duration: Treatment duration varies based on the underlying condition and response to therapy.
Hypopituitarism
Initial Dose: 0.15 to 0.3 mg subcutaneously once daily.
Maintenance Dose: Adjust based on clinical response and IGF-1 levels, typically 0.15 to 0.75 mg/day.
Duration: Long-term treatment, reassessed periodically.
Osteoporosis
Initial Dose: 0.15 to 0.3 mg subcutaneously once daily.
Duration: Treatment duration depends on clinical response and bone density improvement.
Muscle Wasting (HIV-Associated)
Initial Dose: 0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily.
Duration: Typically 12 weeks, but may be extended based on clinical response.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Injection, subcutaneous: Available in 5 mg, 10 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg vials or prefilled pens.
Administration Instructions for Human Growth Hormone Therapy
Recombinant human growth hormone is administered as a subcutaneous injection, typically once daily. It is important to rotate injection sites to avoid skin irritation. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions on how to properly prepare and administer the injection. If you have any questions or concerns, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for guidance.
Adverse Reactions and Side Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment
Like all medications, recombinant human growth hormone may cause side effects. While some are common and mild, others may be more serious. Always contact your healthcare provider if you experience any concerning symptoms.
Common Side Effects: These may include joint pain, muscle pain, and swelling in the arms or legs. These side effects are generally mild and improve over time.
Less Common Side Effects: Headaches, nausea, and fatigue. These symptoms may occur but are less frequent.
Serious Side Effects: Increased risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and carpal tunnel syndrome. If you experience any of these, contact your doctor immediately.
Rare Side Effects: Allergic reactions, including rash, itching, or difficulty breathing. Seek emergency medical attention if you experience these symptoms.
Contraindications for Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
A contraindication is a specific situation where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. If you have any of the following conditions, taking recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH) could be unsafe. Always consult your healthcare provider, and if you have any questions, you can speak with one of our providers through telemedicine.
Active Cancer: rHGH can stimulate cell growth, which may worsen cancer or increase the risk of recurrence.
Severe Illness After Surgery or Trauma: rHGH can increase the risk of complications in patients recovering from major surgery or severe trauma, such as heart or abdominal surgery.
Acute Respiratory Failure: rHGH may worsen breathing problems in patients with severe respiratory conditions.
Diabetic Retinopathy: This condition, where diabetes damages the blood vessels in the eyes, may worsen with rHGH, leading to further vision problems.
Allergy to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone: If you have had an allergic reaction to rHGH in the past, you should not take it again.
Drug to Drug Interactions with Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
Recombinant human growth hormone (rHGH) can interact with other medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you’re taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter products, and supplements. Some medications that may interact with rHGH include:
- Glucocorticoids (e.g., Prednisone): These can reduce the effectiveness of rHGH by interfering with its action.
- Insulin (e.g., Humalog, Lantus): rHGH can affect blood sugar levels, which may require adjustments to your insulin dosage.
- Oral Estrogen (e.g., Premarin): Oral estrogen may decrease the effectiveness of rHGH, potentially necessitating a dose adjustment.
- Cyclosporine (e.g., Neoral): rHGH may increase cyclosporine levels in the blood, raising the risk of toxicity.
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Pregnancy
Is it safe to take recombinant human growth hormone during pregnancy?
Research on the safety of recombinant human growth hormone during pregnancy is limited. As a result, it’s generally not recommended unless the potential benefits clearly outweigh the risks. If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, consult your healthcare provider to determine whether continuing rHGH is appropriate for you. For immediate guidance, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers.
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone While Breastfeeding
Is it safe to take recombinant human growth hormone while breastfeeding?
There is insufficient data to determine whether recombinant human growth hormone passes into breast milk or what effects it might have on a nursing infant. Therefore, it’s essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider if you’re breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed. Our telemedicine providers are available to help you make an informed decision.
Estimated Cost of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Therapy
The cost of recombinant human growth hormone therapy can vary depending on the brand and dosage. Without insurance, the estimated cost for a 30-day supply of rHGH using a GoodRx coupon ranges from $5,000 to $10,000. Prices may fluctuate, so it’s advisable to check with your pharmacy or use a discount service like GoodRx to find the most affordable option.
Possible Alternatives to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
If you’re considering alternatives to recombinant human growth hormone, it’s important to discuss these options with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Here are some alternatives for specific conditions:
- Growth Hormone Deficiency: Lifestyle changes, such as improved nutrition and regular exercise, may support growth. However, for most patients with growth hormone deficiency, rHGH remains the most effective treatment.
- Turner Syndrome: Estrogen therapy and other hormone replacement therapies may be used alongside or instead of rHGH to promote development in girls with Turner syndrome.
- Prader-Willi Syndrome: A balanced diet and regular physical activity are essential for managing weight and improving muscle strength, in addition to rHGH therapy.
- Chronic Kidney Disease: Managing kidney disease through diet, medications, and dialysis may improve growth in children, potentially reducing the need for rHGH.
- Idiopathic Short Stature: In some cases, no treatment is necessary, and children may grow at their own pace. If treatment is desired, other hormone therapies may be considered.
- Short Bowel Syndrome: Dietary modifications, nutritional supplements, and medications to enhance nutrient absorption may serve as alternatives to rHGH.
- Cachexia: Nutritional support, exercise, and medications like appetite stimulants may help manage muscle wasting and weight loss.
- Hypopituitarism: Hormone replacement therapies, including thyroid and adrenal hormones, may be used in addition to or instead of rHGH.
- Osteoporosis: Medications such as bisphosphonates (e.g., Fosamax) or lifestyle changes like weight-bearing exercises and calcium/vitamin D supplementation may be alternatives to rHGH.
- Muscle Wasting: Alongside rHGH, resistance training and a high-protein diet can help build muscle mass. Other medications, such as anabolic steroids, may also be considered.
Recent Updates on Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Research
Recent studies have explored the long-term safety and effectiveness of recombinant human growth hormone in various populations. One area of interest is its use in older adults for potential anti-aging benefits. Current research suggests that while rHGH may improve muscle mass and reduce body fat, it may also increase the risk of side effects, such as diabetes and joint pain. Ongoing studies are also investigating rHGH’s role in treating conditions like heart failure and traumatic brain injury, though more research is needed to confirm its benefits in these areas.
Staying informed about the latest research is essential. Discuss any new findings with your healthcare provider. If you have questions about how this research may impact your treatment, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers today.
