Piperacillin/Tazobactam: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & IV Guide

Summary of Key Points

Piperacillin-tazobactam is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of serious bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis. It works by stopping bacterial growth and is commonly administered in hospital settings. This medication is given through an IV (intravenous) line and is typically prescribed for moderate to severe infections. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or changing your medication.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Zosyn (Piperacillin-tazobactam)

The generic name refers to the active ingredients that make the drug effective. It is listed in parentheses after the brand name.

Pharmacologic Category

Piperacillin-tazobactam belongs to the following pharmacologic categories:

1. Beta-lactam Antibiotic
2. Penicillin-class Antibiotic
3. Beta-lactamase Inhibitor Combination

Piperacillin Tazobactam Dosage

Piperacillin-tazobactam is used to treat various infections in adults. The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and never adjust your dose without consulting them. If needed, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers today.

Piperacillin Tazobactam for Pneumonia

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours or 4.5 g every 6-8 hours, depending on the severity of the infection.

Duration: 7-10 days, or as directed by your doctor.

Piperacillin Tazobactam for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 7-10 days, or as directed by your doctor.

Intra-abdominal Infections

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 5-14 days, depending on the severity of the infection.

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 7-14 days, depending on the severity of the infection.

Sepsis

Dose: 4.5 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 7-14 days, depending on the severity of the infection.

Bone and Joint Infections

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 4-6 weeks, depending on the severity of the infection.

Gynecological Infections

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 7-10 days, or as directed by your doctor.

Endocarditis

Dose: 4.5 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 4-6 weeks, depending on the severity of the infection.

Diabetic Foot Infections

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 7-14 days, or as directed by your doctor.

Respiratory Tract Infections

Dose: 3.375 g every 6 hours.

Duration: 7-10 days, or as directed by your doctor.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Piperacillin-tazobactam is available in the following injection forms:

1. Injection: 2.25 g (2 g piperacillin and 0.25 g tazobactam)
2. Injection: 3.375 g (3 g piperacillin and 0.375 g tazobactam)
3. Injection: 4.5 g (4 g piperacillin and 0.5 g tazobactam)

Piperacillin Tazobactam IV Administration Instructions

Piperacillin-tazobactam is administered through an IV, typically in a hospital or clinical setting. It is infused over 30 minutes. The exact dose and frequency depend on the type and severity of the infection. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions. If you are receiving this medication at home, carefully follow the instructions provided by your healthcare team.

Piperacillin Tazobactam Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Like all medications, Piperacillin-tazobactam can cause side effects. Some are more common, while others are rare but potentially serious. If you experience any side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss your symptoms.

Common Piperacillin Tazobactam Side Effects

1. Diarrhea: Loose or watery stools are a frequent side effect of antibiotics.
2. Nausea: You may feel nauseous during treatment.
3. Headache: Mild to moderate headaches can occur.
4. Rash: A skin rash may develop, which could indicate an allergic reaction.

Serious Side Effects (Less Common)

1. Severe Allergic Reactions: Symptoms such as swelling, difficulty breathing, or hives require immediate medical attention.
2. Clostridium difficile-associated Diarrhea (C. diff): Severe diarrhea can occur after antibiotic use. Contact your doctor if you experience persistent diarrhea.
3. Kidney Problems: Signs such as unusual fatigue, swelling in the legs or ankles, or changes in urination may indicate kidney issues.
4. Low Blood Cell Counts: Unexplained bruising, bleeding, or frequent infections may suggest a decrease in blood cells.

Contraindications for Piperacillin Tazobactam

A contraindication is a specific condition or factor that makes a medication unsafe for use. Piperacillin-tazobactam has several contraindications, meaning it may not be suitable for everyone.

1. Allergy to penicillin or beta-lactam antibiotics: Piperacillin is a penicillin-class antibiotic, and tazobactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. If you have a known allergy to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics, taking Piperacillin-tazobactam could trigger a severe allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.
2. Severe renal impairment: In patients with significant kidney problems, the body may not clear Piperacillin-tazobactam effectively, leading to a buildup of the drug in the bloodstream. This can increase the risk of side effects, including seizures and other serious complications.
3. History of seizures: Piperacillin-tazobactam can lower the seizure threshold, making seizures more likely in individuals with a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorders.
4. Severe liver disease: In patients with severe liver dysfunction, the metabolism and clearance of the medication may be impaired, increasing the risk of toxicity.

Drug to Drug Interactions

Certain medications may interact with Piperacillin-tazobactam, potentially leading to harmful effects or reducing the effectiveness of either drug. If you are taking any of the following, it is important to inform your healthcare provider before starting Piperacillin-tazobactam:

1. Probenecid (Benemid): Probenecid can increase the levels of Piperacillin-tazobactam in your blood, which may raise the risk of side effects.
2. Vecuronium (Norcuron): Piperacillin-tazobactam may prolong the effects of vecuronium, a muscle relaxant used during surgery, potentially leading to breathing difficulties.
3. Methotrexate (Trexall, Rheumatrex): Piperacillin-tazobactam can elevate methotrexate levels, increasing the risk of toxicity, including kidney damage.
4. Warfarin (Coumadin): Piperacillin-tazobactam may affect blood clotting, which could increase the risk of bleeding if you are taking blood thinners like warfarin.

Piperacillin-tazobactam in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take Piperacillin-tazobactam during pregnancy?

Piperacillin-tazobactam is classified as a pregnancy category B drug by the FDA. While animal studies have shown no harm to the fetus, there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Although it may be safe during pregnancy, it should only be used if clearly necessary and prescribed by your healthcare provider. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your provider. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to review your treatment options.

Piperacillin-tazobactam while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take Piperacillin-tazobactam while breastfeeding?

Piperacillin-tazobactam is excreted in small amounts in breast milk. While it is generally considered safe during breastfeeding, there is a potential risk of allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances in the nursing infant. If you are breastfeeding, it is essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider before starting this medication. Our telemedicine providers are available to help you make an informed decision about your treatment plan.

Estimated Cost of Piperacillin-tazobactam

The estimated cost of a 30-day supply of Piperacillin-tazobactam without insurance, using a GoodRx coupon, ranges from approximately $150 to $200. Prices may vary depending on the pharmacy and location. Be sure to check with your local pharmacy for the most accurate pricing.

Possible Alternatives to Piperacillin-tazobactam

If Piperacillin-tazobactam is not suitable for you, or if you are exploring alternative treatments, other options are available depending on the type of infection. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss alternatives.

1. Pneumonia: Alternatives include antibiotics such as levofloxacin (Levaquin) or azithromycin (Zithromax). Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and getting vaccinated, can help prevent future infections.
2. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Other antibiotics like nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) may be used. Staying hydrated and practicing good hygiene can help prevent UTIs.
3. Intra-abdominal infections: Alternatives may include metronidazole (Flagyl) combined with ciprofloxacin (Cipro) or other broad-spectrum antibiotics. In some cases, surgery may be required to address the underlying cause.
4. Skin and soft tissue infections: Other antibiotics such as clindamycin (Cleocin) or doxycycline (Vibramycin) may be considered. Proper wound care and hygiene are crucial for managing these infections.
5. Sepsis: Sepsis is a medical emergency, often treated with a combination of antibiotics like vancomycin or meropenem, along with supportive care in a hospital setting.
6. Bone and joint infections: Alternatives may include vancomycin or linezolid (Zyvox). Surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or hardware.
7. Gynecological infections: Other antibiotics such as clindamycin or metronidazole may be used. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required.
8. Endocarditis: Treatment often involves a combination of antibiotics like vancomycin and gentamicin. Surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
9. Diabetic foot infections: Alternatives may include clindamycin or cephalexin (Keflex). Proper foot care and blood sugar control are essential for preventing and managing these infections.
10. Respiratory tract infections: Other antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) or doxycycline may be used. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and avoiding allergens, can help prevent respiratory infections.

Recent Updates on Piperacillin-tazobactam Research

Recent studies have focused on optimizing Piperacillin-tazobactam dosing to improve its effectiveness against resistant bacteria. Research is also exploring its role in treating multi-drug-resistant infections, particularly in hospital settings. Additionally, ongoing studies are evaluating the use of Piperacillin-tazobactam in combination with other antibiotics to combat severe infections like sepsis. As antibiotic resistance continues to rise, researchers are investigating new ways to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics like Piperacillin-tazobactam.

Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. If you have questions or concerns about Piperacillin-tazobactam, our telemedicine providers are available to assist you.

James Kingsley

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