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Mycophenolate Mofetil: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety Info
Summary of Key Points
Mycophenolate Mofetil is an immunosuppressive medication used to prevent organ rejection and manage autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. It works by suppressing the immune system to reduce inflammation and prevent the body from attacking its own tissues. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. Our telemedicine providers are available to assist with managing your treatment plan.
Names of Medication
US Brand Name: CellCept
Generic Name: Mycophenolate Mofetil
The generic name refers to the chemical composition of the active ingredient in the medication. It is typically listed in parentheses next to the brand name.
Pharmacologic Category
Categories:
- Immunosuppressant
- Antimetabolite
Mycophenolate Mofetil Dosage
Mycophenolate Mofetil is prescribed for a variety of conditions. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the specific condition being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them before making any changes to your regimen. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for further guidance.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Initial Dose: 1 gram (1000 mg) twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term treatment, depending on disease activity.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term treatment, depending on response to therapy.
Organ Transplant Rejection (Kidney, Heart, Liver)
Kidney Transplant: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Heart Transplant: 1.5 grams twice daily.
Liver Transplant: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term to prevent rejection.
Psoriasis
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term, depending on response to treatment.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis)
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term, depending on disease control.
Nephrotic Syndrome
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term, depending on kidney function and response to treatment.
Dermatomyositis
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term, depending on disease activity.
Scleroderma
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term, depending on response to therapy.
Vasculitis
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term, depending on disease control.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Initial Dose: 1 gram twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 1-1.5 grams twice daily.
Duration: Long-term, depending on liver function and disease control.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Mycophenolate Mofetil is available in the following forms:
- Capsules: 250 mg
- Tablets: 500 mg
- Oral Suspension: 200 mg/mL
- Intravenous (IV) Solution: 500 mg/20 mL
Administration Instructions
Mycophenolate Mofetil should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Swallow the tablets or capsules whole; do not crush or chew them. If using the oral suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose and measure the liquid carefully with a dosing syringe or cup. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Contraindications
A contraindication is a specific situation where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. For Mycophenolate Mofetil, there are several situations where it is unsafe to take this medication.
Pregnancy: Mycophenolate Mofetil can cause birth defects and miscarriage, making it unsafe during pregnancy. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception before, during, and after treatment.
Allergy to Mycophenolate Mofetil: If you have had an allergic reaction to Mycophenolate Mofetil or any of its components, you should not take this medication. Allergic reactions can be severe and may include symptoms such as rash, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
Severe Infections: Mycophenolate Mofetil weakens the immune system, making it harder for your body to fight infections. If you have an active or severe infection, taking this medication could worsen your condition.
Active Gastrointestinal Disorders: If you have a history of severe stomach or intestinal issues, such as ulcers or bleeding, Mycophenolate Mofetil may aggravate these conditions.
Drug Interactions
Mycophenolate Mofetil can interact with other medications, increasing the risk of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of either drug. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
Antacids (Tums, Maalox): These can reduce the absorption of Mycophenolate Mofetil, making it less effective. It’s recommended to take Mycophenolate Mofetil at least 2 hours before or after antacids.
Cholestyramine (Questran): This medication can decrease the absorption of Mycophenolate Mofetil, reducing its effectiveness.
Rifampin (Rifadin): Rifampin can lower Mycophenolate Mofetil levels in your blood, making it less effective in preventing organ rejection or treating autoimmune conditions.
Acyclovir (Zovirax) and Ganciclovir (Cytovene): These antiviral medications can increase the risk of side effects, such as kidney problems, when taken with Mycophenolate Mofetil.
Live Vaccines: Since Mycophenolate Mofetil suppresses the immune system, live vaccines (such as MMR or varicella) may not work as effectively and could increase the risk of infection.
Mycophenolate Mofetil in Pregnancy
Is it safe to take Mycophenolate Mofetil when pregnant? No, Mycophenolate Mofetil is not considered safe during pregnancy. It is classified as a Category D medication, meaning there is clear evidence of potential harm to the fetus. Taking Mycophenolate Mofetil while pregnant can lead to serious birth defects and increase the risk of miscarriage. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it is essential to consult your healthcare provider to explore safer alternatives. Women of childbearing age should use reliable contraception while taking this medication and for at least six weeks after discontinuing it.
Mycophenolate Mofetil While Breastfeeding
Is it safe to take Mycophenolate Mofetil while breastfeeding? No, it is not recommended to use Mycophenolate Mofetil while breastfeeding. The drug can pass into breast milk and may pose risks to a nursing infant. If you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, it is important to discuss alternative treatment options with your healthcare provider.
Estimated Cost of Mycophenolate Mofetil
The cost of Mycophenolate Mofetil can vary depending on the pharmacy and your insurance coverage. Without insurance, a 30-day supply of Mycophenolate Mofetil (500 mg tablets, taken twice daily) is estimated to cost between $40 and $60 when using a GoodRx coupon. Prices may fluctuate, so it’s a good idea to check with your pharmacy or use a discount service like GoodRx to find the most affordable option.
Possible Alternatives to Mycophenolate Mofetil
If Mycophenolate Mofetil is not suitable for you, there are other treatment options available depending on your specific condition. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Our telemedicine providers are also available to help you explore these alternatives.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Alternative treatments include hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), corticosteroids, and methotrexate. In addition to medication, lifestyle changes such as avoiding sun exposure and managing stress can help control symptoms.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Common alternatives include methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and biologics like adalimumab (Humira). Physical therapy and regular exercise can also improve joint function and reduce pain.
Organ Transplant Rejection
Other immunosuppressants, such as tacrolimus (Prograf) or cyclosporine (Neoral), may be used. Close monitoring and lifestyle adjustments, such as taking steps to avoid infections, are essential for managing your health post-transplant.
Psoriasis
Alternatives include topical treatments, phototherapy, and biologics like etanercept (Enbrel). Regular moisturizing and avoiding skin irritants can also help manage symptoms.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Other treatment options include mesalamine (Asacol), corticosteroids, and biologics like infliximab (Remicade). Dietary changes, such as avoiding trigger foods, may also help alleviate symptoms.
Nephrotic Syndrome
Corticosteroids and ACE inhibitors like lisinopril (Zestril) are commonly prescribed. Dietary modifications, such as reducing salt intake, can also help manage the condition.
Dermatomyositis
Corticosteroids and immunoglobulin therapy are potential alternatives. Physical therapy and sun protection are also important in managing symptoms.
Scleroderma
Immunosuppressants like methotrexate or cyclophosphamide may be used. Regular exercise and a consistent skincare routine can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Vasculitis
Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine (Imuran), are commonly used. Managing stress and taking precautions to avoid infections are important lifestyle changes that can support treatment.
Autoimmune Hepatitis
Corticosteroids and azathioprine (Imuran) are often used as alternatives. Regular monitoring and avoiding alcohol are key to managing this condition effectively.
Recent Updates on Mycophenolate Mofetil Research
Recent studies have focused on the long-term safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil, particularly in patients with autoimmune diseases and those who have undergone organ transplants. Research indicates that while Mycophenolate Mofetil is effective in preventing organ rejection and managing autoimmune conditions, it also increases the risk of infections and certain cancers due to its immune-suppressing effects. Ongoing research is exploring ways to reduce these risks, such as adjusting dosages or combining Mycophenolate Mofetil with other medications that have fewer side effects. Additionally, researchers are investigating its potential use in treating new conditions, including certain types of chronic kidney disease.
As new findings emerge, staying informed is essential. If you have concerns about your treatment, our telemedicine providers are available to discuss the latest research and how it may affect your care.
