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Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1: Uses, Benefits, and Dosage Guide
Summary of Key Points
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone crucial for growth and development. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. IGF-1 plays a key role in regulating cell growth, particularly in children with growth challenges. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for personalized care.
Names of Medication
US Brand Name: Increlex® (mecasermin)
The generic name is the non-branded name of a medication, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this case, the generic name is listed in parentheses.
Pharmacologic Category
Growth hormone receptor agonists
Insulin-like growth factors
Dosing for IGF-1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is prescribed for a variety of conditions. The dosage and frequency depend on the specific condition being treated. Always follow your doctor’s instructions and consult them before making any changes to your dose. You can also reach out to one of our telemedicine providers for additional guidance.
Growth Hormone Deficiency
The typical starting dose is 0.04 to 0.08 mg/kg administered subcutaneously (under the skin) twice daily. Treatment is usually long-term and may continue for several years, depending on the patient’s response.
Turner Syndrome
The recommended dose is 0.045 to 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily. Treatment typically continues until the patient reaches their final adult height.
Prader-Willi Syndrome
The usual dose is 0.04 to 0.06 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily. The duration of treatment varies based on the patient’s growth response and clinical needs.
Chronic Kidney Disease
The dose is 0.045 to 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously once daily. Treatment generally continues until growth is complete or kidney function improves.
Short Stature
The dose is 0.04 to 0.08 mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily. Treatment is long-term and depends on the patient’s growth response.
Hypoglycemia
The dose is individualized based on blood sugar levels and response to treatment. It is typically administered subcutaneously twice daily.
Insulin Resistance
The dose is tailored to the patient’s insulin sensitivity and response to treatment. It is usually administered subcutaneously twice daily.
Obesity
The dose is individualized based on the patient’s weight and metabolic response. Treatment is generally long-term and requires frequent monitoring.
Metabolic Syndrome
The dose is adjusted based on the patient’s metabolic health. Treatment is typically long-term and may require ongoing adjustments.
Osteoporosis
The dose is individualized based on bone density and response to treatment. Treatment is usually long-term and requires regular monitoring.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Injection, subcutaneous: 10 mg/mL (Increlex®)
Administration Instructions for IGF-1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is administered as a subcutaneous injection, meaning it is injected under the skin. It is typically given twice daily, but the exact frequency depends on your condition and your doctor’s recommendations. Always rotate injection sites to prevent irritation. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully. If you have any questions or concerns, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for further guidance.
Adverse Reactions and Side Effects of IGF-1
Like all medications, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can cause side effects. It’s important to be aware of these and to contact your healthcare provider if you experience any unusual symptoms. Below are some potential side effects:
Common Side Effects (More than 10% of Patients)
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), headache, dizziness, and injection site reactions (such as redness, swelling, or pain).
Less Common Side Effects (1-10% of Patients)
Nausea, vomiting, joint pain, and muscle pain.
Rare Side Effects (Less than 1% of Patients)
Allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing), swelling of the hands or feet, and vision problems.
If you experience any severe side effects, such as difficulty breathing or swelling, seek medical attention immediately. For non-emergency concerns, you can consult one of our telemedicine providers for advice.
Contraindications for IGF-1 Use
A contraindication is a specific situation where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. Before starting any new medication, it’s important to discuss your full medical history with your healthcare provider, including any conditions or medications that might make it unsafe for you to take Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1).
Here are some common contraindications for taking IGF-1:
Active or Suspected Cancer
IGF-1 can promote cell growth, which may increase the risk of cancerous cells growing or spreading. It is not recommended for patients with active or suspected cancer.
Closed Epiphyses
In children and adolescents, IGF-1 should not be used if the growth plates (epiphyses) in the bones have closed, as it will no longer promote further growth.
Hypersensitivity to IGF-1 or Its Ingredients
If you have had an allergic reaction to IGF-1 or any of its components, you should not take this medication. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
Diabetic Retinopathy
IGF-1 can worsen diabetic retinopathy, a condition that affects the eyes in people with diabetes, potentially leading to vision loss.
Drug to Drug Interactions with Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
It’s essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are currently taking, as Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) may interact with other drugs. Some medications that may interact with IGF-1 include:
- Insulin or other diabetes medications: IGF-1 can lower blood sugar levels, so combining it with insulin or oral diabetes medications (such as Metformin or Glipizide) may increase the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
- Glucocorticoids (e.g., Prednisone): These medications can reduce IGF-1’s effectiveness by interfering with its ability to promote growth and development.
- Thyroid hormone replacement (e.g., Levothyroxine): Thyroid hormones may influence how IGF-1 functions in the body, potentially requiring adjustments to your dosage.
IGF-1 and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know
Research on the safety of IGF-1 during pregnancy is limited. As a result, it is generally not recommended for use in pregnant women unless the potential benefits clearly outweigh the risks. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, consult your healthcare provider before starting IGF-1. They will help you weigh the risks and benefits and may suggest alternative treatments.
IGF-1 and Breastfeeding: Safety Considerations
The safety of IGF-1 while breastfeeding has not been well studied. It is unclear whether IGF-1 passes into breast milk or if it could affect a nursing infant. If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed, discuss with your healthcare provider whether IGF-1 is appropriate for you. They may recommend monitoring or suggest alternative treatments during this period.
Estimated Cost of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Medication
The cost of a 30-day supply of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) (brand name: Increlex) without insurance can vary. With a GoodRx coupon, the price typically ranges from $6,000 to $8,000 for a 30-day supply. Be sure to check with your pharmacy and explore available discount programs or patient assistance options to help manage costs.
Possible Alternatives to IGF-1 Therapy
Depending on the condition being treated, alternative therapies or lifestyle changes may help manage your symptoms. Always discuss these options with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to explore your options further.
- Growth hormone deficiency: Alternatives may include growth hormone therapy (such as Somatropin) or addressing underlying causes like thyroid or adrenal issues.
- Turner syndrome: Growth hormone therapy is commonly used, and estrogen replacement therapy may be recommended to support puberty and bone health.
- Prader-Willi syndrome: Growth hormone therapy is often combined with a carefully managed diet and physical activity to control weight and improve muscle tone.
- Chronic kidney disease: Managing kidney disease through diet, medications, and dialysis may help address growth issues. In some cases, growth hormone therapy may be considered.
- Short stature: Depending on the cause, growth hormone therapy or other treatments, such as thyroid hormone replacement, may be recommended.
- Hypoglycemia: Dietary changes, frequent small meals, and medications like Diazoxide may help manage low blood sugar levels.
- Insulin resistance: Lifestyle changes such as weight loss, regular exercise, and medications like Metformin can improve insulin sensitivity.
- Obesity: A combination of diet, exercise, behavioral therapy, and, in some cases, medications or surgery may be recommended to manage obesity.
- Metabolic syndrome: Lifestyle changes, including increased physical activity, weight loss, and managing blood pressure and cholesterol, can help manage this condition.
- Osteoporosis: Medications like Bisphosphonates (e.g., Alendronate) or hormone replacement therapy, along with calcium and vitamin D supplements, may help strengthen bones.
Recent Updates on Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Research
Recent research on Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) has explored its potential role in aging, muscle growth, and neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies suggest that IGF-1 may have protective effects on the brain, potentially slowing the progression of conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. However, more research is needed to fully understand these effects and the long-term safety of IGF-1 in these contexts.
Additionally, ongoing research is investigating IGF-1’s use in treating muscle-wasting conditions, such as those seen in patients with chronic illnesses or age-related sarcopenia (muscle loss). Early results are promising, but larger clinical trials are necessary to confirm these benefits.
If you are interested in learning more about the latest research or considering IGF-1 as a treatment option, schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss whether this medication is right for you.
