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IL-6 Receptor Blockers: Benefits, Side Effects & How They Work
Introduction: Key Points on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Receptor Blockers
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers are medications used to treat inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and certain types of cytokine release syndrome. These drugs work by inhibiting IL-6, a protein that plays a significant role in promoting inflammation. By reducing inflammation, IL-6 receptor blockers help manage symptoms like pain, swelling, and joint damage. If you think this medication might be appropriate for you, consider consulting one of our telemedicine providers today.
Medications within the IL-6 Receptor Blocker Drug Class
Actemra (Tocilizumab)
Kevzara (Sarilumab)
The generic name is the official name of the drug, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. The generic name is listed in parentheses.
How IL-6 Receptor Blockers Work: Mechanism of Action
IL-6 receptor blockers target and block the IL-6 receptor, preventing IL-6 from binding to it. IL-6 is a key player in the immune response and inflammation. In conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, elevated IL-6 levels contribute to chronic inflammation, pain, and joint damage. By blocking the IL-6 receptor, these medications help reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and prevent further damage.
Although both Actemra (Tocilizumab) and Kevzara (Sarilumab) block the IL-6 receptor, they differ in how they are administered. Actemra can be given either as a subcutaneous injection or an intravenous (IV) infusion, while Kevzara is typically administered as a subcutaneous injection.
Benefits of IL-6 Inhibitors in Arthritis and Other Conditions
IL-6 receptor blockers are often prescribed when other treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), fail to adequately control inflammation. These medications are particularly effective in treating moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, helping to reduce pain, swelling, and joint damage. Additionally, IL-6 receptor blockers are used to manage cytokine release syndrome, a potentially serious condition that can occur after certain cancer treatments.
Compared to other drug classes, IL-6 receptor blockers specifically target the IL-6 pathway, offering more focused control of inflammation for some patients. This targeted approach can lead to better symptom management and an improved quality of life for individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Potential Side Effects of IL-6 Receptor Blockers
Like all medications, IL-6 receptor blockers can cause side effects, which may vary in frequency and severity. It’s important to be aware of potential side effects before starting treatment. Below is a list of possible side effects, starting with the most common. If you experience any side effects, especially severe ones, contact your healthcare provider immediately. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for further guidance.
Common Side Effects of IL-6 Receptor Blockers (Occurring in more than 1% of patients)
- Upper respiratory tract infections (up to 7%) – Symptoms may include a runny nose, sore throat, or cough. Patients with a history of frequent infections may be at higher risk.
- Headache (up to 5%) – A common side effect that can range from mild to moderate in severity.
- Increased liver enzymes (up to 4%) – Routine blood tests may show elevated liver enzymes. Patients with pre-existing liver conditions or those who consume alcohol regularly may be at higher risk.
- Hypertension (up to 3%) – Some patients may experience elevated blood pressure, especially those with a history of high blood pressure.
- Injection site reactions (up to 2%) – Redness, swelling, or pain at the injection site is common, particularly during the first few doses.
Less Common Side Effects of IL-6 Inhibitors (Occurring in less than 1% of patients)
These side effects are rare but can still occur. They include:
- Gastrointestinal perforation
- Serious infections (e.g., tuberculosis, bacterial, fungal, or viral infections)
- Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis
- Neutropenia (low white blood cell count)
- Elevated cholesterol levels
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
- Skin rashes
- Abdominal pain
Severe Side Effects: While rare, some side effects can be serious and require immediate medical attention. These include severe infections, gastrointestinal perforation, and life-threatening allergic reactions. If you experience symptoms such as fever, persistent cough, shortness of breath, severe abdominal pain, or swelling of the face and throat, seek medical help right away.
It’s crucial to speak with your healthcare provider before starting IL-6 receptor blockers, especially if you have a history of liver disease, high blood pressure, or frequent infections. Our telemedicine providers are available to review your medical history and help determine if this medication is appropriate for you.
Drug to Drug Interactions with Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Receptor Blockers
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers, also known as IL-6 inhibitors, can interact with other medications, potentially altering their effects. Below are some common drug interactions to be mindful of when undergoing IL-6 receptor treatment:
Warfarin (blood thinner) – IL-6 receptor blockers can influence how your body metabolizes warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of your INR levels is recommended to ensure safe use.
Statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) – IL-6 inhibitors may elevate statin levels in your bloodstream, which could increase the likelihood of side effects such as muscle pain or liver damage.
Immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate, cyclosporine) – Combining IL-6 receptor blockers with other immunosuppressants can raise the risk of infections. Close supervision by your healthcare provider is crucial.
Live vaccines – IL-6 receptor blockers can reduce the effectiveness of live vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. It is generally advised to avoid live vaccines while undergoing IL-6 blockade therapy.
Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and over-the-counter drugs you are taking before starting IL-6 receptor blockers. Our telemedicine providers are available to help you review your current medications and avoid any harmful interactions.
Precautions and Contraindications for IL-6 Receptor Blockers
Before beginning treatment with Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers, it’s important to consider certain precautions and contraindications. These include:
Infections: Patients with active infections, including tuberculosis, should not start IL-6 receptor blockers until the infection is fully treated. IL-6 inhibitors can suppress the immune system, making it harder to fight off infections.
Liver disease: Individuals with a history of liver disease or elevated liver enzymes should use IL-6 receptor blockers cautiously, as these medications can further increase liver enzyme levels, potentially leading to complications.
Gastrointestinal disorders: Patients with a history of diverticulitis or other gastrointestinal conditions may be at a higher risk for gastrointestinal perforation while on IL-6 receptor treatment.
Allergic reactions: If you have a history of severe allergic reactions to other biologic medications, it’s important to discuss this with your healthcare provider before starting IL-6 receptor blockers.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The safety of IL-6 receptor blockers during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established. If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of IL-6 inhibitors.
It’s essential to have a thorough discussion with your healthcare provider about your medical history and any potential risks before starting IL-6 receptor blockers. Our telemedicine providers are here to help you navigate these decisions and ensure that this medication is safe for your specific situation.
Conclusion: Understanding the Benefits and Risks of IL-6 Receptor Blockers
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers are a valuable treatment option for patients with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and giant cell arteritis. While IL-6 inhibitors can be effective in managing symptoms, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects, drug interactions, and necessary precautions. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.
If you have any concerns or questions about IL-6 receptor blockers, our telemedicine providers are here to assist you. Schedule an appointment today to discuss your treatment options and ensure you’re making the best decision for your health.
