IL-17 Inhibitors: Effective Treatment for Psoriasis & Arthritis

Introduction: Key Points on Interleukin-17 (IL-17) Inhibitors

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors are a class of medications used to treat autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. These drugs target a specific protein in the immune system that drives inflammation. IL-17 inhibitors are often prescribed when other treatments have not been effective, helping to alleviate symptoms like joint pain, skin lesions, and inflammation. Consult with one of our telemedicine providers to determine if this treatment is suitable for you.

Medications in the Interleukin-17 (IL-17) Inhibitors Drug Class

Common IL-17 inhibitors include:

1. Cosentyx (secukinumab)
2. Ilumya (tildrakizumab-asmn)
3. Skyrizi (risankizumab-rzaa)
4. Taltz (ixekizumab)
5. Tremfya (guselkumab)

The generic name, listed in parentheses, refers to the active ingredient in each medication.

How Do IL-17 Inhibitors Work? Mechanism of Action Explained

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors work by blocking the activity of a protein called interleukin-17, which plays a crucial role in the immune response. In autoimmune diseases like psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, leading to inflammation, pain, and other symptoms. IL-17 inhibitors help by preventing the IL-17 protein from signaling the immune system to attack, thereby reducing inflammation and managing symptoms.

While all IL-17 inhibitors target the same protein, some medications in this class may also block other proteins involved in inflammation, such as IL-23. For example, Skyrizi (risankizumab) and Tremfya (guselkumab) target both IL-17 and IL-23, providing a broader anti-inflammatory effect. This can make them more effective for certain patients, depending on the specific condition being treated.

Benefits of IL-17 Inhibitors for Autoimmune Diseases

IL-17 inhibitors are commonly prescribed for moderate to severe cases of autoimmune diseases like plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. These medications are often recommended when other treatments, such as topical creams or oral medications, have not provided sufficient relief. IL-17 inhibitors are favored over some other drug classes because they specifically target the proteins responsible for inflammation, leading to fewer side effects and more effective symptom control for many patients.

Patients using IL-17 inhibitors frequently experience significant improvements in skin lesions, joint pain, and overall quality of life. These medications can also help prevent long-term damage to joints and other tissues. If you believe you might benefit from IL-17 inhibitors, schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our healthcare providers to explore your options.

Potential Side Effects of IL-17 Inhibitors

Like all medications, Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors can cause side effects. While many people tolerate these medications well, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider. Below is a list of common and less common side effects, along with guidance on when to seek medical attention.

Common Side Effects of IL-17 Inhibitors

1. Upper respiratory infections (13-29%): Symptoms may resemble those of a common cold, such as a runny nose, sore throat, and cough. Individuals with a history of frequent respiratory infections may be at higher risk.
2. Headache (5-8%): Some patients report mild to moderate headaches while taking IL-17 inhibitors.
3. Injection site reactions (5-7%): Redness, swelling, or pain at the injection site is common. These reactions are usually mild and tend to resolve on their own.
4. Diarrhea (4-5%): Some patients experience gastrointestinal discomfort, including diarrhea. Staying hydrated and maintaining a balanced diet may help manage this side effect.
5. Fatigue (2-4%): Feeling unusually tired or fatigued is another common side effect. This may improve as your body adjusts to the medication.

Less Common Side Effects of IL-17 Inhibitors

1. Oral or vaginal yeast infections (1-4%): IL-17 inhibitors can increase the risk of fungal infections, particularly in individuals with a history of these infections.
2. Joint pain (1-3%): Some patients report mild to moderate joint pain, which may be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers.

Rare but Serious Side Effects of IL-17 Inhibitors

Although rare, some side effects can be serious and require immediate medical attention. These include:

1. Severe allergic reactions: Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and hives. Seek emergency medical care if you experience these symptoms.
2. Increased risk of infections: IL-17 inhibitors can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of serious infections such as tuberculosis. Patients with a history of chronic infections or those living in areas where infections like tuberculosis are common should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
3. Exacerbation of Crohn’s disease: IL-17 inhibitors may worsen symptoms in patients with Crohn’s disease. If you have a history of Crohn’s or other inflammatory bowel diseases, inform your doctor before starting this medication.

Other side effects, occurring in less than 1% of patients, include nausea, dizziness, back pain, and skin rashes. If you experience any unusual symptoms while taking IL-17 inhibitors, contact your healthcare provider.

Drug to Drug Interactions with IL-17 Inhibitors

Interleukin-17 inhibitors (IL-17 inhibitors) can interact with other medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or increasing the likelihood of side effects. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Some known drug interactions include:

Live vaccines: IL-17 inhibitors may reduce the effectiveness of live vaccines and increase the risk of infection. It is generally advised to avoid live vaccines while undergoing treatment with this medication.

Immunosuppressants: Combining IL-17 inhibitors with other immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., methotrexate, corticosteroids) can elevate the risk of infections. Your doctor will closely monitor your condition if you are on multiple immunosuppressive therapies.

Biologic therapies: Using IL-17 inhibitors alongside other biologic therapies, such as TNF inhibitors, may heighten the risk of serious infections and other side effects. Your healthcare provider will carefully assess whether combination therapy is appropriate for your specific condition.

Precautions and Contraindications for IL-17 Inhibitors

Before starting IL-17 inhibitors, it is essential to discuss your medical history with your healthcare provider. Certain conditions may increase your risk of side effects or make this medication less suitable for you.

Precautions When Using IL-17 Inhibitors

History of infections: If you have a history of chronic or recurrent infections, IL-17 inhibitors may increase your susceptibility to serious infections. Your healthcare provider may recommend additional monitoring or preventive measures to reduce this risk.

History of tuberculosis (TB): Patients with a history of TB or those who have been exposed to TB should be screened before starting IL-17 inhibitors. If you test positive, your doctor may treat the TB infection before initiating IL-17 therapy.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): IL-17 inhibitors can exacerbate symptoms of Crohn’s disease and other forms of IBD. If you have a history of these conditions, your doctor may recommend alternative treatments.

Contraindications for IL-17 Inhibitors

Active infections: IL-17 inhibitors should not be used in patients with active infections, including tuberculosis, hepatitis, or other serious infections.

Allergy to IL-17 inhibitors: If you have experienced a severe allergic reaction to IL-17 inhibitors in the past, you should not use this medication again.

Conclusion: Is IL-17 Inhibitor Therapy Right for You?

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors are an effective treatment option for several chronic inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. However, like all medications, they come with potential risks and side effects. It is crucial to have an open discussion with your healthcare provider about your medical history, current medications, and any concerns before starting treatment.

If you are considering IL-17 inhibitors or have questions about your current treatment, our telemedicine practice is here to help. You can speak with one of our healthcare providers from the comfort of your home to receive personalized advice and guidance. Schedule an appointment today to discuss whether IL-17 inhibitors are the right choice for you.

James Kingsley

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