Hyoscyamine: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Important Warnings

Summary of Key Points

Hyoscyamine is a prescription medication commonly used to manage conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), peptic ulcers, bladder spasms, and more. It works by relaxing the muscles in the stomach, intestines, and bladder, while also reducing fluid secretions. Available in various forms, including tablets and liquids, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. You can schedule a telemedicine appointment with us to discuss your treatment options.

Names of Hyoscyamine Medication

Levsin (Hyoscyamine)

Hyosyne (Hyoscyamine)

Symax (Hyoscyamine)

The generic name refers to the active ingredient, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. The generic name for this medication is shown in parentheses.

Pharmacologic Category of Hyoscyamine

Anticholinergic/Antispasmodic

Hyoscyamine Dosing Guidelines

Hyoscyamine is prescribed for a variety of conditions, with dosage and frequency tailored to the specific condition being treated. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your dose. You can also speak with one of our providers through telemedicine for personalized advice.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily, as needed. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and response to therapy.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Peptic Ulcer

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, every 4 hours or as needed. Treatment typically continues until ulcer symptoms are well-controlled.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Bladder Spasms

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily, as needed. The length of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily, as needed. Treatment may be adjusted based on symptom relief.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Motion Sickness

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 30 minutes before travel and every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Treatment is typically short-term, depending on the duration of travel.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Excessive Salivation

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily, as needed. The duration of treatment depends on the underlying cause of excessive salivation.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Parkinson’s Disease

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily, as needed. Treatment is ongoing and adjusted based on symptom control.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Colicky Pain

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily, as needed. The duration of treatment depends on the cause and severity of the pain.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Respiratory Secretions

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, every 4 hours as needed. Treatment is typically short-term, based on symptom relief.

Hyoscyamine Dosage for Pancreatitis

Adults: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg orally, 3 to 4 times daily, as needed. The duration of treatment varies depending on the severity of symptoms.

Dosage Forms and Strengths of Hyoscyamine

Tablets: 0.125 mg

Sublingual Tablets: 0.125 mg

Extended-Release Tablets: 0.375 mg

Oral Solution: 0.125 mg/5 mL

Oral Drops: 0.125 mg/mL

Administration Instructions for Hyoscyamine

Take Hyoscyamine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. It can be taken with or without food. For sublingual tablets, place them under your tongue and allow them to dissolve completely—do not chew or swallow. For liquid forms, use a proper measuring device to ensure accurate dosing. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but skip it if it’s almost time for your next dose. Never double up on doses. If you have any questions about how to take your medication, speak with one of our telemedicine providers.

Adverse Reactions and Side Effects of Hyoscyamine

Like all medications, Hyoscyamine can cause side effects. Most are mild, but some may be more serious. Always contact your healthcare provider if you experience any concerning symptoms. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with us for further evaluation.

Common Side Effects (Occur in more than 1 in 10 people):

Dry mouth: A sensation of dryness in the mouth due to reduced saliva production.

Blurred vision: Difficulty focusing or seeing clearly.

Constipation: Difficulty passing stools or infrequent bowel movements.

Less Common Side Effects (Occur in 1 in 100 people):

Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.

Difficulty urinating: Trouble starting or maintaining a urine stream.

Headache: Pain or discomfort in the head or neck area.

Rare Side Effects (Occur in less than 1 in 1,000 people):

Confusion: Difficulty thinking clearly or concentrating.

Fast or irregular heartbeat: A racing or abnormal heart rhythm.

Allergic reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

Contraindications for Hyoscyamine

A contraindication is a specific situation or condition where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. If you have any of the following conditions, Hyoscyamine may not be safe for you. Always discuss your medical history with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication, including Hyoscyamine.

Glaucoma: Hyoscyamine can increase eye pressure, which may worsen glaucoma.

Myasthenia Gravis: This medication can exacerbate muscle weakness, a key symptom of myasthenia gravis.

Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Hyoscyamine can slow down intestinal movement, increasing the risk of toxic megacolon in patients with severe ulcerative colitis.

Obstructive Uropathy: If you have a urinary tract blockage, Hyoscyamine may worsen the condition by further reducing the ability to urinate.

Obstructive Gastrointestinal Disorders: Hyoscyamine can slow digestion, which can be dangerous if you have an intestinal blockage.

Unstable Cardiovascular Status in Acute Hemorrhage: This medication can increase heart rate and may worsen an unstable cardiovascular condition, especially during acute bleeding.

Esophageal Reflux (GERD): Hyoscyamine may relax the lower esophageal sphincter, worsening acid reflux symptoms.

Drug to Drug Interactions

Hyoscyamine can interact with other medications, potentially altering their effects or increasing the risk of side effects. It’s essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Below are some medications that may interact with Hyoscyamine:

1. Antihistamines: (e.g., Benadryl (diphenhydramine)) – May increase drowsiness and dry mouth.
2. Antidepressants: (e.g., Elavil (amitriptyline)) – Can heighten the risk of side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation.
3. Antipsychotics: (e.g., Clozaril (clozapine)) – May raise the risk of confusion and urinary retention.
4. Potassium Supplements: (e.g., Klor-Con (potassium chloride)) – Can increase the risk of gastrointestinal irritation.
5. Antacids: (e.g., Tums (calcium carbonate)) – May reduce Hyoscyamine absorption, making it less effective.
6. Opioid Pain Relievers: (e.g., OxyContin (oxycodone)) – Can worsen constipation and increase the risk of bowel obstruction.

Hyoscyamine in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take Hyoscyamine during pregnancy? The safety of Hyoscyamine during pregnancy has not been well studied. It is classified as a Category C medication by the FDA, meaning animal studies have shown some risk to the fetus, but there are no well-controlled studies in humans. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, discuss the risks and benefits of Hyoscyamine with your healthcare provider. Our telemedicine providers are available to help you make an informed decision.

Hyoscyamine while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take Hyoscyamine while breastfeeding? Hyoscyamine may pass into breast milk and could affect a nursing infant, potentially causing drowsiness or reducing milk production. If you are breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider before taking Hyoscyamine to weigh the potential risks and benefits. You can also speak with one of our telemedicine providers to discuss your options.

Estimated Cost of Medication

The cost of a 30-day supply of Hyoscyamine without insurance can vary. Using a GoodRx coupon, the price typically ranges from $15 to $30, depending on the pharmacy. Check with your local pharmacy or use a discount service like GoodRx to find the best available price.

Possible Alternatives to Hyoscyamine

If Hyoscyamine is not the right medication for you, there are alternative treatments and lifestyle changes that may help manage your condition. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Our telemedicine providers can guide you through these options.

1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Alternatives include dietary changes (such as a low FODMAP diet), fiber supplements, and medications like dicyclomine (Bentyl) or peppermint oil supplements.
2. Peptic Ulcer: Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole) or H2 blockers (e.g., ranitidine) are commonly used to reduce stomach acid and promote healing.
3. Bladder Spasms: Medications like oxybutynin (Ditropan) or tolterodine (Detrol) can help relax bladder muscles and reduce spasms.
4. Gastrointestinal Disorders: Depending on the condition, alternatives may include dietary changes, probiotics, or medications like loperamide (Imodium) for diarrhea or simethicone (Gas-X) for bloating.
5. Motion Sickness: Over-the-counter options like dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) or meclizine (Bonine) can help prevent nausea and vomiting.
6. Excessive Salivation: Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) is another anticholinergic medication that may help reduce saliva production.
7. Parkinson’s Disease: Medications like levodopa or dopamine agonists are commonly used to manage symptoms. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized treatment options.
8. Colicky Pain: Simethicone (Mylicon) or dietary changes may help relieve colicky pain, particularly in infants.
9. Respiratory Secretions: Atropine or glycopyrrolate may be used to reduce excessive respiratory secretions, particularly in palliative care settings.
10. Pancreatitis: Treatment typically involves fasting, IV fluids, and pain management. In some cases, enzyme supplements may be recommended.

Recent Updates on Hyoscyamine Research

Recent studies have focused on Hyoscyamine’s role in managing gastrointestinal disorders, particularly in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Research shows that anticholinergic medications like Hyoscyamine can reduce abdominal pain and cramping by relaxing the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. However, newer studies are investigating the long-term safety of anticholinergics, especially in older adults, as these medications may increase the risk of cognitive decline. Ongoing research is exploring safer alternatives with fewer side effects.

It’s important to stay informed about the latest research and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider. If you have questions about Hyoscyamine or your treatment plan, our telemedicine providers are available to help you navigate your options.

James Kingsley

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