Human Growth Hormone: Uses, Benefits, Dosing & Side Effects

Summary of Key Points

Human growth hormone (HGH) is a prescription medication used to treat various conditions related to growth deficiencies and muscle wasting. It promotes growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. HGH is commonly prescribed for conditions such as growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and muscle wasting due to HIV/AIDS. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. You can schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our providers for personalized care.

Names of Medication

US Brand Names: Genotropin, Humatrope, Norditropin, Saizen, Zomacton, Omnitrope

The generic name for human growth hormone is somatropin. A generic name refers to the active ingredient in a medication, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer.

Pharmacologic Category

Growth Hormone (GH)

Somatropin

HGH Dosing Guidelines

Human growth hormone is prescribed for various conditions in adults. Below are common indications and dosing guidelines. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your dose. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for personalized advice.

Growth Hormone Deficiency

Adults with growth hormone deficiency typically receive 0.15 to 0.3 mg injected subcutaneously once daily. The dose may be adjusted based on response and side effects. Treatment is usually long-term.

Turner Syndrome

For adults with Turner syndrome, the typical dose is 0.375 mg/kg per week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections. Treatment duration depends on the patient’s response and growth goals.

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Adults with Prader-Willi syndrome may receive 0.24 mg/kg per week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections. The duration of treatment is based on individual needs and response.

Chronic Kidney Disease

For adults with growth failure due to chronic kidney disease, the dose is 0.35 mg/kg per week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections. Treatment continues until growth is complete or as directed by your healthcare provider.

Short Stature Due to Idiopathic Causes

Adults with idiopathic short stature may receive 0.37 mg/kg per week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections. Treatment duration is individualized based on response.

Muscle Wasting Associated with HIV/AIDS

The typical dose for muscle wasting in adults with HIV/AIDS is 0.1 mg/kg per day, injected subcutaneously. Treatment duration varies based on the patient’s condition and response.

Hypopituitarism

For adults with hypopituitarism, the dose is usually 0.15 to 0.3 mg injected subcutaneously once daily. The dose may be adjusted based on response and side effects.

Osteoporosis

HGH is sometimes used off-label for osteoporosis. The dose and frequency depend on the patient’s condition and should be determined by a healthcare provider.

Cachexia

For adults with cachexia (severe weight loss and muscle wasting), the dose is typically 0.1 mg/kg per day, injected subcutaneously. Treatment duration depends on the patient’s response and the underlying cause of cachexia.

Idiopathic Short Stature

For adults with idiopathic short stature, the dose is 0.37 mg/kg per week, divided into daily subcutaneous injections. Treatment duration is individualized based on the patient’s response.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Injection: 5 mg, 10 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg

Prefilled Pen: 5 mg, 10 mg, 12 mg, 15 mg

Administration Instructions for HGH Injections

Human growth hormone is administered as a subcutaneous injection, meaning it is injected just under the skin. It is important to rotate the injection site to avoid skin irritation. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully on how to prepare and inject the medication. If you are unsure, you can schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our providers for guidance.

Adverse Reactions and HGH Side Effects

Like all medications, human growth hormone can cause side effects. Some are common and mild, while others may be more serious. Always consult your healthcare provider if you experience any side effects, and seek immediate medical attention for severe reactions.

Common Side Effects (affects 1 in 10 people):

1. Swelling in the arms or legs (fluid retention)
2. Joint or muscle pain
3. Headaches
4. Nausea

Less Common Side Effects (affects 1 in 100 people):

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome (numbness or tingling in the hands)
2. Increased blood sugar levels
3. Fatigue

Rare but Serious Side Effects (affects fewer than 1 in 1,000 people):

1. Severe allergic reactions (rash, difficulty breathing)
2. Increased risk of cancer
3. Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)

Contraindications for Human Growth Hormone

A contraindication is a specific situation or condition where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. If you have any of the following conditions, it is important to avoid taking Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and discuss alternative treatments with your healthcare provider.

Active cancer: HGH can promote cell growth, which may worsen cancer or increase the risk of recurrence.

Severe illness after surgery or trauma: HGH may increase the risk of complications in patients recovering from major surgery or serious injury.

Acute respiratory failure: HGH can potentially worsen breathing problems in people with severe lung conditions.

Diabetic retinopathy: This condition involves damage to the blood vessels in the eyes due to diabetes. HGH may worsen this by increasing blood vessel growth.

Allergy to HGH or its ingredients: If you are allergic to any component of HGH, taking the medication could cause a serious allergic reaction.

Drug to Drug Interactions with Human Growth Hormone

Human Growth Hormone (HGH) can interact with other medications, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Below are some medications that may interact with HGH:

Glucocorticoids (e.g., Prednisone): These medications can reduce the effectiveness of HGH by counteracting its effects on growth and metabolism.

Insulin (e.g., Humalog, Novolog): HGH can influence blood sugar levels, which may require adjustments to insulin dosages for individuals with diabetes.

Oral estrogens (e.g., Premarin): Estrogen, particularly when taken orally, can diminish HGH’s effectiveness, potentially necessitating dosage modifications.

Cyclosporine (e.g., Neoral, Gengraf): HGH may elevate cyclosporine levels in the bloodstream, increasing the risk of side effects such as kidney damage.

Human Growth Hormone in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take Human Growth Hormone during pregnancy?

There is limited data on the safety of using HGH during pregnancy. As a result, it is generally not recommended unless the potential benefits clearly outweigh the risks. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it is crucial to discuss your treatment options with your healthcare provider. They can help you evaluate the risks and benefits to determine the most appropriate course of action.

Human Growth Hormone while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take Human Growth Hormone while breastfeeding?

There is insufficient information on whether HGH passes into breast milk or how it might affect a nursing infant. Due to the lack of data, it is generally advised to avoid using HGH while breastfeeding unless specifically recommended by your healthcare provider. If you are breastfeeding and considering HGH therapy, consult with your provider to discuss the potential risks and benefits.

Estimated Cost of Human Growth Hormone Therapy

The cost of a 30-day supply of Human Growth Hormone can vary depending on the brand and dosage. Without insurance, the price for a 30-day supply of HGH (using a GoodRx coupon) typically ranges from $500 to $1,500 or more. Prices can fluctuate based on the pharmacy and location. Be sure to check with your pharmacy for the most accurate pricing.

Possible Alternatives to Human Growth Hormone

If you are unable to take Human Growth Hormone or are exploring alternative treatments, there are other options available for the conditions it treats. It is important to discuss these alternatives with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Below are some alternatives based on specific conditions:

1. Growth hormone deficiency: In some cases, lifestyle changes such as proper nutrition and regular exercise can help improve overall health. Other hormone replacement therapies may also be considered.
2. Turner syndrome: Estrogen replacement therapy and other hormone treatments may be used to manage symptoms. Growth-promoting medications like oxandrolone may also be considered.
3. Prader-Willi syndrome: In addition to HGH, managing diet and physical activity is crucial. Behavioral therapy and other medications may help with symptoms.
4. Chronic kidney disease: Managing kidney function through diet, medications, and dialysis can help improve growth in children with this condition. In some cases, kidney transplantation may be necessary.
5. Short stature due to idiopathic causes: Other growth-promoting treatments, such as low-dose anabolic steroids, may be considered. Proper nutrition and exercise are also important.
6. Muscle wasting associated with HIV/AIDS: Medications such as anabolic steroids or appetite stimulants may help. Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise is also important.
7. Hypopituitarism: Hormone replacement therapies, including thyroid hormone or cortisol, may be used in addition to HGH.
8. Osteoporosis: Medications such as bisphosphonates (e.g., Fosamax) or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) can help strengthen bones. Weight-bearing exercises and calcium/vitamin D supplementation are also recommended.
9. Cachexia: Nutritional support, appetite stimulants, and medications such as megestrol acetate (Megace) may help manage weight loss and muscle wasting.
10. Idiopathic short stature: Other growth-promoting treatments, such as low-dose anabolic steroids or nutritional interventions, may be considered.

Recent Updates on Human Growth Hormone Research

Recent research on Human Growth Hormone continues to explore its potential benefits and risks. Studies are investigating the long-term effects of HGH therapy, particularly in adults, and whether it can be used for conditions beyond those currently approved by the FDA. Some research is focusing on the use of HGH in aging populations to improve muscle mass and bone density, though this is still considered experimental and not widely recommended.

Additionally, new formulations of HGH are being developed to improve ease of use, such as long-acting versions that require fewer injections. Ongoing studies are also examining the potential role of HGH in treating conditions like traumatic brain injury and heart failure, but more research is needed before these applications can be recommended.

As new findings emerge, it is essential to stay informed and consult your healthcare provider to determine whether HGH is the right treatment for you. If you have any concerns or questions about your current treatment plan, consider scheduling a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss your options.

James Kingsley

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