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Ethionamide Medication: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Overview
Key Points About Ethionamide Medication
Ethionamide is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, including tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Ethionamide is usually prescribed alongside other medications to help prevent the development of resistance. Like all medications, it may cause side effects, so it’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully. If you have any concerns, you can consult one of our providers through telemedicine.
Names of Ethionamide Medication
US Brand Name: Trecator
Generic Name: Ethionamide
The generic name refers to the active ingredient in the medication, not the brand name. In this article, the generic name is listed in parentheses.
Pharmacologic Category of Ethionamide
Antitubercular Agent
Antibiotic
Ethionamide Dosage and Uses
Ethionamide is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. The dosage depends on the specific condition being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions, and never adjust your dose without consulting them first. You can also speak to one of our providers via telemedicine for personalized advice.
Ethionamide for Tuberculosis (TB)
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, gradually increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. Treatment typically lasts 6 to 9 months, but the duration may vary depending on your individual case.
Ethionamide for Mycobacterial Infections
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. Treatment is often long-term, depending on the severity of the infection.
Ethionamide for Leprosy
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. Treatment duration can range from several months to years, depending on the case.
Ethionamide for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. Treatment is often long-term.
Ethionamide for Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease.
Ethionamide for Actinomycosis
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. Treatment typically lasts 6 to 12 months.
Ethionamide for Rhodococcus Equi Infection
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. The length of treatment depends on the severity of the infection.
Ethionamide for Brucellosis
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. Treatment typically lasts from 6 weeks to several months.
Ethionamide for Cystic Fibrosis
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the infection.
Ethionamide for Osteomyelitis
Adult Dose: 250 mg orally once daily, increased to 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day in divided doses. Treatment typically lasts 4 to 6 weeks but may be extended depending on the infection.
Dosage Forms and Strengths of Ethionamide
Tablet, Oral: 250 mg
How to Take Ethionamide: Administration Instructions
Ethionamide should be taken by mouth, with or without food. If you experience stomach upset, taking it with food may help. It’s important to take this medication at the same time each day to maintain consistent levels in your body. Do not skip doses, and be sure to complete the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Never take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose.
Ethionamide Contraindications
A contraindication is a condition or situation where a medication should not be used because it could cause harm. If you have any of the following conditions, you should not take Ethionamide. Always consult your healthcare provider to discuss your medical history before starting any new medication, including Ethionamide.
Liver Disease: Ethionamide is processed by the liver, and if you have liver disease, taking this medication could lead to further liver damage or even liver failure.
Severe Hypersensitivity or Allergy to Ethionamide: If you’ve had an allergic reaction to Ethionamide, taking it again could cause serious reactions, such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
Uncontrolled Diabetes: Ethionamide can affect blood sugar levels, making diabetes harder to manage. If your diabetes is not well-controlled, this medication may not be safe for you.
Severe Mental Health Disorders: Ethionamide has been associated with mood changes, depression, and psychosis. If you have a history of severe mental health conditions, this medication could worsen your symptoms.
Drug to Drug Interactions
Ethionamide can interact with other medications, potentially increasing the risk of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of your treatment. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Below are some common medications that may interact with Ethionamide:
- Isoniazid (Nydrazid): Taking Ethionamide with Isoniazid may increase the risk of liver toxicity.
- Cycloserine (Seromycin): Combining these medications can heighten the risk of central nervous system side effects, such as seizures and mood changes.
- Rifampin (Rifadin): Rifampin may reduce the effectiveness of Ethionamide by accelerating its breakdown in the liver.
- Phenytoin (Dilantin): Ethionamide can raise Phenytoin levels in the blood, potentially leading to toxicity, which may cause symptoms like dizziness, confusion, or coordination problems.
- Alcohol: Drinking alcohol while taking Ethionamide can increase the risk of liver damage and worsen side effects such as nausea and vomiting.
Ethionamide in Pregnancy
Is it Safe to Take Ethionamide When Pregnant?
Ethionamide is classified as a Category C drug during pregnancy, meaning there is not enough well-controlled research to confirm its safety in pregnant women. While animal studies have shown some risk to the fetus, the potential benefits may outweigh the risks in certain situations, such as treating drug-resistant tuberculosis. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider. They can help you weigh the risks and benefits of taking Ethionamide and determine the safest treatment option for you and your baby.
Ethionamide While Breastfeeding
Is it Safe to Take Ethionamide While Breastfeeding?
There is limited information on whether Ethionamide passes into breast milk. Due to the potential for serious side effects in a nursing infant, it is generally recommended to avoid breastfeeding while taking this medication. If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed, discuss your options with your healthcare provider. They can help you decide whether to continue breastfeeding or explore alternative treatments that may be safer for your baby.
Estimated Cost of Ethionamide Medication
The cost of a 30-day supply of Ethionamide without insurance can vary. However, with a GoodRx coupon, the average price typically ranges from $50 to $100. Prices may differ depending on your location and the pharmacy you use. It’s a good idea to check with your pharmacy for the most accurate pricing information.
Possible Alternatives to Ethionamide
If Ethionamide is not the right option for you, there are alternative treatments and lifestyle changes that may help manage your condition. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss your options.
- Tuberculosis: Alternatives include Rifampin (Rifadin), Isoniazid (Nydrazid), and Pyrazinamide. Lifestyle changes, such as improving your nutrition and avoiding smoking, can also support your treatment.
- Mycobacterial Infections: Medications like Clarithromycin (Biaxin) or Azithromycin (Zithromax) may be used. In some cases, surgical removal of infected tissue may be necessary.
- Leprosy: Alternative treatments include Dapsone and Rifampin. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing long-term complications.
- Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: Treatment options may include a combination of Clarithromycin (Biaxin), Rifampin, and Ethambutol (Myambutol).
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Antibiotics and antifungal medications are commonly used. In severe cases, a bone marrow transplant may be considered.
- Actinomycosis: Penicillin is the first-line treatment. Surgery may be required to remove infected tissue.
- Rhodococcus Equi Infection: Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics such as Rifampin and Erythromycin.
- Brucellosis: Doxycycline and Rifampin are commonly used to treat this infection. Avoiding unpasteurized dairy products can help prevent infection.
- Cystic Fibrosis: In addition to antibiotics, therapies like chest physiotherapy and inhaled medications can help manage symptoms.
- Osteomyelitis: Treatment may include long-term antibiotics and, in some cases, surgery to remove infected bone tissue.
Recent Updates on Ethionamide Research
Recent studies have focused on improving Ethionamide’s tolerability, as side effects like gastrointestinal discomfort and liver toxicity are common. Researchers are exploring the use of lower doses of Ethionamide in combination with other medications to reduce side effects while maintaining its effectiveness in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis. Additionally, new formulations, such as extended-release versions, are being studied to improve patient adherence. Ongoing clinical trials are also investigating Ethionamide’s use in combination with newer antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains.
