Etanercept Medication: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Explained

Summary of Key Points

Etanercept is a prescription medication used to manage autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and plaque psoriasis. It works by blocking a specific protein that triggers inflammation. Etanercept is typically administered via subcutaneous injection. Common side effects include reactions at the injection site and an increased risk of infections. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. If you need personalized advice, consider scheduling a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Enbrel (Etanercept)

The generic name refers to the active ingredient, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this case, Etanercept is the generic name, and Enbrel is the brand name.

Pharmacologic Category

Etanercept belongs to a class of medications known as TNF inhibitors, which help reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Other medications in this category include:

1. Adalimumab (Humira)
2. Infliximab (Remicade)
3. Golimumab (Simponi)
4. Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)

Etanercept Dosage

Etanercept is used to treat various autoimmune conditions, with the dosage depending on the specific condition being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and avoid adjusting your dose without their guidance. If you need assistance, our telemedicine providers are available to help.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (Adults)

Dosage: 50 mg injected subcutaneously once a week.

Psoriatic Arthritis (Adults)

Dosage: 50 mg injected subcutaneously once a week.

Ankylosing Spondylitis (Adults)

Dosage: 50 mg injected subcutaneously once a week.

Plaque Psoriasis (Adults)

Dosage: 50 mg injected subcutaneously twice a week for the first 3 months, followed by 50 mg once a week.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Children aged 2 and older)

Dosage: 0.8 mg/kg (up to a maximum of 50 mg) injected subcutaneously once a week.

Crohn’s Disease (Off-label use)

Dosage: Consult your healthcare provider for specific dosing information.

Ulcerative Colitis (Off-label use)

Dosage: Consult your healthcare provider for specific dosing information.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Off-label use)

Dosage: Consult your healthcare provider for specific dosing information.

Non-infectious Uveitis (Off-label use)

Dosage: Consult your healthcare provider for specific dosing information.

Sarcoidosis (Off-label use)

Dosage: Consult your healthcare provider for specific dosing information.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Etanercept is available in several forms and strengths to accommodate different patient needs:

1. Single-use prefilled syringe: 25 mg/0.5 mL, 50 mg/mL
2. Single-use prefilled autoinjector (Enbrel SureClick): 50 mg/mL
3. Multiple-use vial for reconstitution: 25 mg

Administration Instructions for Etanercept Injection

Etanercept is administered as a subcutaneous injection. Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. If you are self-administering, be sure to rotate injection sites to minimize irritation. Common injection sites include the thigh, abdomen, or upper arm. Avoid injecting into areas that are tender, bruised, red, or hardened. If you have any questions or concerns, schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for further guidance.

Contraindications for Etanercept

Contraindications are specific conditions where a medication should not be used due to potential risks. If you have any of the following conditions, Etanercept may not be safe for you. Always discuss your complete medical history with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication.

1. Active infections: Etanercept can weaken your immune system, making it harder to fight infections. If you have an active infection, such as tuberculosis (TB) or a serious bacterial, fungal, or viral infection, Etanercept could worsen your condition.
2. Sepsis: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to infection. Etanercept is contraindicated in patients with sepsis, as it can further suppress the immune system, potentially worsening the condition.
3. Allergic reactions to Etanercept or its components: If you have experienced an allergic reaction to Etanercept or any of its ingredients, you should not take this medication. Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe, with symptoms such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
4. Multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating diseases: Etanercept may worsen or trigger new symptoms in individuals with demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), due to its effects on the immune system.
5. Heart failure: Etanercept is not recommended for patients with moderate to severe heart failure, as it may exacerbate the condition. Studies have shown that TNF inhibitors like Etanercept can increase the risk of heart failure in some patients.

Drug-to-Drug Interactions

Etanercept can interact with other medications, potentially increasing side effects or reducing the effectiveness of treatment. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Below are some medications that may interact with Etanercept:

1. Anakinra (Kineret): Combining Anakinra with Etanercept can increase the risk of serious infections and is generally not recommended.
2. Abatacept (Orencia): Using Abatacept with Etanercept can also raise the risk of infections and is typically avoided.
3. Live vaccines: Vaccines containing live viruses, such as the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine, should not be administered while taking Etanercept. The medication can weaken your immune system, making it harder to fight the live virus in the vaccine.
4. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan): Using Etanercept with cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapy drug, may increase the risk of certain cancers, particularly lymphoma.

Etanercept in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take Etanercept when pregnant?

Etanercept, commonly known by its brand name Enbrel, is classified as a pregnancy category B medication by the FDA. This means that while animal studies have not shown harm to the fetus, there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Some research suggests that Etanercept may be safe during pregnancy, but it’s crucial to carefully weigh the potential benefits and risks. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s important to discuss your treatment options with your healthcare provider. They can help you determine whether continuing Etanercept is the best choice for both you and your baby. You can also consult one of our providers through telemedicine to discuss your specific situation in more detail.

Etanercept while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take Etanercept while breastfeeding?

Etanercept is believed to pass into breast milk in small amounts, but the effects on a breastfeeding infant are not fully understood. Some experts suggest that the risk to the baby is low, as Etanercept is a large protein that is unlikely to be absorbed by the infant’s digestive system. However, it’s essential to have a thorough discussion with your healthcare provider about the potential risks and benefits. If you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, consult with one of our telemedicine providers to determine the best course of action for both you and your child.

Estimated Cost of Etanercept Medication

The cost of Etanercept can vary depending on your location and the pharmacy you use. Without insurance, the estimated cost for a 30-day supply of Etanercept (50 mg weekly dose) using a GoodRx coupon ranges from approximately $5,000 to $6,000. It’s a good idea to check with your pharmacy for the most accurate pricing and explore financial assistance options if needed. Some insurance plans may cover part or all of the cost, so it’s important to verify your coverage with your provider.

Possible Alternatives to Etanercept

If Etanercept isn’t the right medication for you, there are alternative treatments and lifestyle changes that may help manage your condition. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also speak with one of our telemedicine providers for personalized advice.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Alternatives

For rheumatoid arthritis, alternatives to Etanercept include other biologics such as Adalimumab (Humira) or Tocilizumab (Actemra), as well as non-biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like Methotrexate. In addition, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, and stress management can help alleviate symptoms.

Psoriatic Arthritis Alternatives

For psoriatic arthritis, other biologics like Ustekinumab (Stelara) or Secukinumab (Cosentyx) may be considered. Non-biologic DMARDs like Methotrexate, along with physical therapy, can also be effective in managing symptoms.

Ankylosing Spondylitis Alternatives

For ankylosing spondylitis, alternatives include biologics such as Infliximab (Remicade) or Golimumab (Simponi). Physical therapy and regular exercise can also help improve flexibility and reduce pain.

Plaque Psoriasis Alternatives

For plaque psoriasis, other biologics like Ixekizumab (Taltz) or Secukinumab (Cosentyx) may be used. Topical treatments, phototherapy, and lifestyle changes such as stress reduction and moisturizing the skin can also help manage symptoms.

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Alternatives

For juvenile idiopathic arthritis, alternatives include biologics like Adalimumab (Humira) or Tocilizumab (Actemra). Non-biologic DMARDs such as Methotrexate may also be prescribed, along with physical therapy to maintain joint function.

Crohn’s Disease Alternatives

For Crohn’s disease, other biologics like Ustekinumab (Stelara) or Vedolizumab (Entyvio) may be considered. Dietary changes, such as following a low-fiber diet, and stress management can also help manage symptoms.

Ulcerative Colitis Alternatives

For ulcerative colitis, alternatives include biologics like Infliximab (Remicade) or Vedolizumab (Entyvio). Dietary modifications, such as avoiding trigger foods, and stress management can also help reduce flare-ups.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa Alternatives

For hidradenitis suppurativa, other biologics like Adalimumab (Humira) may be used. Antibiotics, lifestyle changes such as weight management, and avoiding skin irritation can also help manage symptoms.

Non-Infectious Uveitis Alternatives

For non-infectious uveitis, alternatives include biologics like Adalimumab (Humira) or corticosteroids. Eye drops and other medications to reduce inflammation may also be prescribed.

Sarcoidosis Alternatives

For sarcoidosis, corticosteroids like Prednisone are often the first-line treatment. Other options include Methotrexate or Azathioprine. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and maintaining a healthy diet, can also help manage symptoms.

Recent Updates on Etanercept Research

Recent studies continue to investigate the long-term safety and effectiveness of Etanercept, particularly in treating autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. A 2022 study published in the journal Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that patients using Etanercept for over 10 years experienced sustained improvements in disease activity with a manageable safety profile. Additionally, ongoing research is exploring the potential use of Etanercept in treating other inflammatory conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and certain types of cancer. However, these uses are still experimental, and more research is needed before Etanercept can be recommended for these conditions.

As new studies emerge, staying informed about the latest developments is important. If you have any questions about whether Etanercept remains the best option for you, reach out to one of our telemedicine providers for guidance.

James Kingsley

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