Ephedrine Uses, Dosage, and Safety Information Explained

Summary of Key Points

Ephedrine is a medication commonly used to treat asthma, nasal congestion, and low blood pressure. It works by stimulating the heart and lungs, helping to open airways and improve breathing. In certain medical situations, it can also be used to raise blood pressure. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. Our telemedicine providers are available to assist with any questions or concerns you may have.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Akovaz

Generic Name: Ephedrine

The generic name refers to the active ingredient, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this article, the generic name is listed in parentheses.

Pharmacologic Category

Sympathomimetic Agent

Decongestant

Bronchodilator

Ephedrine Dosage

Ephedrine is prescribed for a variety of conditions, and the dosage and frequency depend on the specific condition being treated. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your dose. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss your treatment plan.

Ephedrine for Asthma Treatment

Dosage: 12.5 to 25 mg orally every 4 hours as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Bronchitis

Dosage: 12.5 to 25 mg orally every 4 hours as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Allergic Rhinitis

Dosage: 12.5 to 25 mg orally every 4 hours as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)

Dosage: 5 to 10 mg via intravenous (IV) injection, repeated as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Nasal Congestion

Dosage: 12.5 to 25 mg orally every 4 hours as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Anaphylaxis

Dosage: 5 to 10 mg via intravenous (IV) injection, repeated as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Cardiac Arrest

Dosage: 5 to 10 mg via intravenous (IV) injection, repeated as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Dosage: 12.5 to 25 mg orally every 4 hours as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Sinusitis

Dosage: 12.5 to 25 mg orally every 4 hours as needed.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Urinary Incontinence

Dosage: 25 to 50 mg orally 2 to 3 times daily.

Length of Treatment: As directed by your healthcare provider.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Tablet: 25 mg

Injection: 50 mg/mL

Contraindications for Ephedrine Use

A contraindication is a condition where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. If you have any of the following conditions, ephedrine may not be safe for you. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new medication, especially if you have any of the conditions listed below.

1. Heart disease: Ephedrine can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which may worsen conditions like coronary artery disease or heart failure.
2. High blood pressure (Hypertension): Ephedrine can raise blood pressure, posing risks for individuals with uncontrolled hypertension.
3. Thyroid disorders (Hyperthyroidism): Ephedrine stimulates the nervous system, potentially worsening symptoms of an overactive thyroid.
4. Diabetes: Ephedrine may raise blood sugar levels, complicating diabetes management.
5. Glaucoma: Ephedrine can increase eye pressure, worsening glaucoma.
6. Enlarged prostate (Benign prostatic hyperplasia): Ephedrine can make urination more difficult, worsening symptoms of an enlarged prostate.
7. Seizure disorders: Ephedrine may lower the seizure threshold, increasing the risk of seizures in individuals with epilepsy or other seizure disorders.

Drug-to-Drug Interactions with Ephedrine

Ephedrine can interact with other medications, potentially causing harmful side effects or reducing the effectiveness of either drug. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Below are some medications that may interact with ephedrine:

1. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine (Nardil) or tranylcypromine (Parnate): Taking ephedrine with MAOIs can lead to dangerously high blood pressure.
2. Beta-blockers such as propranolol (Inderal) or metoprolol (Lopressor): These medications can reduce the effectiveness of ephedrine in treating low blood pressure.
3. Stimulants such as amphetamine (Adderall) or methylphenidate (Ritalin): Combining these with ephedrine can increase the risk of side effects like high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and anxiety.
4. Antidepressants such as fluoxetine (Prozac) or sertraline (Zoloft): These medications may increase the risk of side effects when taken with ephedrine.
5. Diuretics such as furosemide (Lasix): Ephedrine may reduce the effectiveness of diuretics in lowering blood pressure.

Ephedrine in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take ephedrine when pregnant?

Ephedrine is generally not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, as it may increase the risk of birth defects and other complications. Additionally, ephedrine can elevate blood pressure, which is a particular concern during pregnancy. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider before using ephedrine. They can help you explore safer alternatives that are better suited for both you and your baby.

Ephedrine While Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take ephedrine while breastfeeding?

Ephedrine can pass into breast milk and may cause side effects in a nursing infant, such as irritability, poor feeding, or an increased heart rate. For this reason, it is generally advised to avoid using ephedrine while breastfeeding. If you need treatment for conditions like nasal congestion or low blood pressure while breastfeeding, consult your healthcare provider to discuss safer options.

Estimated Cost of Ephedrine Medication

The estimated cost of a 30-day supply of ephedrine without insurance, using a GoodRX coupon, typically ranges from $20 to $40, depending on the dosage and pharmacy location. Prices can vary, so it’s a good idea to check with your local pharmacy or use a prescription discount service like GoodRX to find the most affordable option.

Possible Alternatives to Ephedrine

If ephedrine is not suitable for you, there are several alternative treatments and lifestyle changes that may help manage your condition. Always discuss these options with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to explore your options further.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Asthma

Alternatives include inhaled corticosteroids such as fluticasone (Flovent) or bronchodilators like albuterol (ProAir). Additionally, lifestyle changes, such as avoiding asthma triggers like allergens or smoke, can help manage symptoms.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Bronchitis

Treatment options may include bronchodilators, antibiotics (if the cause is bacterial), or corticosteroids. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and staying well-hydrated, can also be beneficial.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Allergic Rhinitis

Antihistamines like loratadine (Claritin) or nasal corticosteroids such as fluticasone (Flonase) may be effective alternatives for managing allergic rhinitis.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Hypotension

Increasing salt intake, staying hydrated, and wearing compression stockings can help manage low blood pressure. In some cases, medications like midodrine (ProAmatine) may be prescribed.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Nasal Congestion

Alternatives include nasal decongestants like oxymetazoline (Afrin) or saline nasal sprays. Additionally, avoiding allergens and using a humidifier may provide relief.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Anaphylaxis

The primary treatment for anaphylaxis is epinephrine, which is available as an auto-injector, such as EpiPen. Avoiding known allergens is also crucial in preventing future episodes.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Cardiac Arrest

Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for cardiac arrest. Immediate medical intervention is essential in these situations.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Alternatives include bronchodilators like tiotropium (Spiriva) or inhaled corticosteroids. Quitting smoking and participating in pulmonary rehabilitation programs can also help improve symptoms and overall lung function.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Sinusitis

Alternatives for treating sinusitis include nasal corticosteroids, saline irrigation, and, in some cases, antibiotics. Staying hydrated and using a humidifier may also help alleviate symptoms.

Ephedrine Alternatives for Urinary Incontinence

Lifestyle changes, such as performing pelvic floor exercises (Kegels), or medications like oxybutynin (Ditropan), may be effective in managing urinary incontinence.

Recent Updates on Ephedrine Research

Recent research on ephedrine has focused on its use in treating hypotension during anesthesia and its potential risks when used for weight loss or athletic performance. Studies indicate that while ephedrine can effectively raise blood pressure during surgery, its use for weight loss is associated with significant risks, including heart problems and stroke. Due to these dangers, the FDA has banned the sale of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. Ongoing research is also exploring safer alternatives to ephedrine for various conditions, particularly for patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

If you have any questions about ephedrine or its alternatives, or if you would like to discuss your treatment options, schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers today.

James Kingsley

Learn More