Dextroamphetamine vs Amphetamine: ADHD Medication Explained

Summary of Key Points

Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine is a prescription medication commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and certain other conditions. This medication works by influencing brain chemicals that regulate hyperactivity and impulse control. It is available in various forms and dosages. Always adhere to your healthcare provider’s instructions when using this medication. If you have any questions or concerns, you can consult one of our providers through telemedicine for personalized advice.

Names of the Medication

Brand Names:

1. Adderall (Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine)
2. Adderall XR (Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine Extended-Release)
3. Mydayis (Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine Extended-Release)

The generic name, Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine, refers to the drug’s chemical composition. It is identical to the brand-name versions but may be sold under different names depending on the manufacturer.

Pharmacologic Category

Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine belong to a class of medications known as stimulants. Other stimulant medications frequently prescribed for ADHD include:

1. Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
2. Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
3. Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

Dosing Guidelines

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):

Adults: Begin with 5 mg once or twice daily. The dose may be increased by 5 mg at weekly intervals. Maximum dose: 40 mg per day.

Narcolepsy:

Adults: Start with 10 mg per day, divided into two doses. The dose may be increased by 10 mg at weekly intervals. Maximum dose: 60 mg per day.

Obesity (Short-term use):

Adults: 5 mg to 30 mg per day, divided into two or three doses. Treatment duration is typically limited to a few weeks.

Depression (Off-label use):

Adults: 5 mg to 40 mg per day, divided into two doses. Consult your doctor for specific recommendations.

Fatigue (Off-label use):

Adults: 5 mg to 30 mg per day, divided into two doses. Consult your doctor for personalized dosing.

Sleep Disorders (Off-label use):

Adults: 5 mg to 40 mg per day, divided into two doses. Consult your doctor for specific recommendations.

Cognitive Impairment (Off-label use):

Adults: 5 mg to 40 mg per day, divided into two doses. Consult your doctor for personalized dosing.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Off-label use):

Adults: 5 mg to 40 mg per day, divided into two doses. Consult your doctor for specific recommendations.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (Off-label use):

Adults: 5 mg to 40 mg per day, divided into two doses. Consult your doctor for personalized dosing.

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD):

Adults: Begin with 5 mg once or twice daily. The dose may be increased by 5 mg at weekly intervals. Maximum dose: 40 mg per day.

Important: Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your dosage. If you need assistance, schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for tailored care.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine is available in the following forms and strengths:

1. Tablets: 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg
2. Extended-Release Capsules (XR): 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg

Administration Instructions

Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine should be taken exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. It is typically taken once or twice daily, with or without food. The first dose is usually taken in the morning, and if a second dose is needed, it should be taken in the early afternoon to minimize the risk of sleep disturbances. Extended-release capsules should be swallowed whole; do not crush or chew them. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but avoid taking it late in the day to prevent insomnia. Always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully, and reach out to them if you have any questions or concerns about how to take your medication.

Contraindications for Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine

A contraindication refers to a specific condition or circumstance in which a medication, such as Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine, should not be used because it could cause harm. If you have any of the following conditions, it is critical to avoid this ADHD medication, as it may exacerbate your health issues or lead to serious side effects.

Heart disease or high blood pressure: This medication can elevate both heart rate and blood pressure, which may worsen pre-existing heart conditions or increase the risk of severe complications, including heart attack or stroke.

Hyperthyroidism: Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine can further accelerate metabolism and heart rate, posing significant risks for individuals with an overactive thyroid.

Glaucoma: This stimulant may increase intraocular pressure, potentially aggravating symptoms of glaucoma.

Severe anxiety, tension, or agitation: The stimulant properties of this medication can intensify these mental health conditions, potentially leading to heightened anxiety or restlessness.

History of drug abuse: Due to its high potential for misuse and addiction, this medication is not recommended for individuals with a history of substance abuse.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) use: If you are currently taking or have taken an MAOI within the past 14 days, you should avoid Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine. Combining these medications can result in a dangerous spike in blood pressure.

Drug-to-Drug Interactions with Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine

Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine can interact with other medications, increasing the likelihood of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of one or both drugs. To minimize the risk of harmful interactions, inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and supplements.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): (e.g., Isocarboxazid [Marplan], Phenelzine [Nardil], Tranylcypromine [Parnate]) – Combining MAOIs with Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine can lead to dangerously high blood pressure.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): (e.g., Fluoxetine [Prozac], Sertraline [Zoloft]) – May increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by symptoms such as confusion, rapid heart rate, and high fever.

Tricyclic antidepressants: (e.g., Amitriptyline [Elavil], Nortriptyline [Pamelor]) – Can amplify the risk of cardiovascular side effects, including elevated blood pressure and irregular heart rhythms.

Antacids: (e.g., Calcium carbonate [Tums], Magnesium hydroxide [Milk of Magnesia]) – May enhance the absorption of Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine, potentially leading to higher drug levels in the bloodstream and an increased risk of side effects.

Antihypertensive medications: (e.g., Metoprolol [Lopressor], Lisinopril [Zestril]) – This ADHD medication may reduce the effectiveness of drugs designed to lower blood pressure.

Is Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine Safe During Pregnancy?

Understanding the Risks of Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine in Pregnancy

Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine is classified as a Category C drug by the FDA for use during pregnancy. This classification indicates that while there are no well-controlled studies in humans, animal studies have shown potential risks to the fetus. Taking this medication during pregnancy may increase the chances of premature birth, low birth weight, and withdrawal symptoms in the newborn.

If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it is essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider. In some cases, the benefits of continuing Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine may outweigh the risks, but this decision should always be made in consultation with a medical professional.

Can You Take Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine While Breastfeeding?

Breastfeeding and Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine: What You Need to Know

Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine can pass into breast milk and may affect a nursing infant. Possible side effects in the baby include irritability, poor feeding, and difficulty sleeping. If you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, it is vital to discuss this with your healthcare provider.

Your provider may suggest alternative treatments or recommend closely monitoring your baby for any adverse effects if you choose to continue taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Estimated Cost of Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine

The cost of a 30-day supply of Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine can vary depending on the dosage and the pharmacy. Without insurance, using a GoodRX coupon, the estimated cost for a 30-day supply of the generic version ranges from $20 to $50. Brand-name versions, such as Adderall, are significantly more expensive, with prices ranging from $200 to $300 for the same supply.

To find the most affordable option, check with your pharmacy and consider using discount programs like GoodRX. These programs can help lower the cost of this ADHD medication.

Possible Alternatives to Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine

If Dextroamphetamine or amphetamine isn’t the right fit for you, there are other treatment options and lifestyle adjustments that may help manage your condition. It’s important to consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to explore these alternatives in greater detail.

ADHD Treatment Options

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Non-stimulant medications, such as Atomoxetine (Strattera), or behavioral therapy can be effective alternatives to stimulant medications like Dextroamphetamine. Additionally, lifestyle modifications—such as incorporating regular exercise, maintaining structured daily routines, and practicing mindfulness techniques—can play a significant role in managing ADHD symptoms.

Alternative Medications for Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy: Medications like Modafinil (Provigil) or Armodafinil (Nuvigil) are often prescribed as alternatives to amphetamine-based treatments. Beyond medication, adopting a consistent sleep schedule and practicing good sleep hygiene can greatly improve symptoms and enhance overall quality of life.

Options for Obesity Management

Obesity: Medications such as Phentermine or Orlistat may support weight management efforts. However, sustainable success often depends on lifestyle changes, including a balanced, nutrient-rich diet and regular physical activity. These foundational habits are essential for long-term health and weight control.

Depression Treatment Alternatives

Depression: Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like Sertraline or Fluoxetine, or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) like Venlafaxine or Duloxetine, may be prescribed. In addition, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and lifestyle changes—such as engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy diet—can provide valuable support in managing depression.

Managing Fatigue

Fatigue: Identifying and addressing underlying causes, such as sleep disorders or nutritional deficiencies, is a critical first step. Medications like Modafinil, along with lifestyle adjustments such as improving sleep hygiene and managing stress, can help alleviate persistent fatigue and restore energy levels.

Improving Sleep Disorders

Sleep Disorders: Treating the root cause of sleep disturbances is essential for long-term improvement. Medications like Melatonin may be helpful, but lifestyle changes—such as establishing a consistent bedtime routine and creating a sleep-friendly environment—are equally important for enhancing sleep quality and overall well-being.

Enhancing Cognitive Function

Cognitive Impairment: Strategies to improve cognitive function may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, brain-training exercises, and lifestyle changes like regular physical activity and a nutrient-dense diet. These approaches can help sharpen mental clarity and support overall brain health.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Management

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: While there is no definitive cure, symptom management can significantly improve quality of life. A combination of medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments—such as pacing daily activities to avoid overexertion—can help individuals better cope with this condition.

Managing Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Effective management strategies include increasing fluid and salt intake, wearing compression stockings, and using medications like Fludrocortisone or Midodrine. These measures can help alleviate symptoms and improve daily functioning.

ADD Treatment Options

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD): Non-stimulant medications, such as Guanfacine (Intuniv), or behavioral therapy may serve as effective alternatives to stimulant treatments. Lifestyle changes, including structured routines and mindfulness practices, can also help manage ADD symptoms and improve focus.

Recent Updates on Dextroamphetamine/Amphetamine Research

Recent studies on Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine have examined its long-term effects, particularly in children and adolescents with ADHD. Research suggests that while the medication is effective in managing ADHD symptoms, prolonged use may lead to changes in brain structure, especially in areas associated with attention and impulse control. However, these changes are not necessarily harmful and may reflect the brain’s natural adaptation to treatment.

Additionally, ongoing research is exploring the potential use of Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine for other conditions, such as cognitive impairment in older adults and treatment-resistant depression. While these findings are promising, further studies are needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of these applications.

If you have concerns or questions about your medication, it’s always best to discuss them with your healthcare provider. For those interested in learning more about the latest research or exploring alternative treatment options, consider scheduling a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers today.

James Kingsley

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