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Chloroquine: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Overview
Summary of Key Points
Chloroquine is a medication used to prevent and treat certain types of malaria, as well as conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and amoebic dysentery. It works by interfering with the growth of parasites in the body. While generally well-tolerated, Chloroquine can cause side effects in some patients. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. You can schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our providers today for personalized advice.
Names of Medication
US Brand Name: Aralen
Generic Name: Chloroquine
The generic name is the official medical name of the drug and is often more affordable than the brand name. In this article, the generic name will be listed in parentheses.
Pharmacologic Category
Antimalarial Agent
Amebicide
Immunosuppressant
Chloroquine Dosage
Chloroquine is prescribed for various conditions. Below are the recommended doses for adults. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your dosage. If you have questions, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers.
Chloroquine for Malaria
Prevention: 500 mg once weekly, starting 1-2 weeks before traveling to a malaria-endemic area and continuing for 4 weeks after leaving the area.
Treatment: 1 g on the first day, followed by 500 mg at 6, 24, and 48 hours after the initial dose.
Amoebic Dysentery
1 g daily for 2 days, followed by 500 mg daily for 2-3 weeks.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
250 mg to 500 mg daily. The duration of treatment depends on the patient’s response and should be closely monitored by a healthcare provider.
Lupus Erythematosus
250 mg to 500 mg daily. Long-term treatment may be necessary, and regular check-ups are required to monitor for potential side effects.
Q Fever
500 mg twice daily for 5-7 days, often in combination with other medications.
Schistosomiasis
500 mg daily for 3 days, typically used alongside other treatments.
Leptospirosis
500 mg twice daily for 7 days.
Babesiosis
500 mg twice daily for 7-10 days, often combined with other medications.
Chloroquine for COVID-19
Chloroquine has been studied for use in COVID-19, but it is not currently recommended for this purpose. Please consult your healthcare provider for the latest guidance.
Zika Virus
Chloroquine is not routinely used for Zika virus treatment. Please consult your healthcare provider for more information.
Dosage Forms and Strengths
Tablet: 250 mg, 500 mg
Administration Instructions
Chloroquine should be taken with food to minimize stomach upset. Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but do not double up on doses. If you have any questions about how to take your medication, schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our providers for further guidance.
Chloroquine Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Like all medications, Chloroquine can cause side effects. Some are more common, while others are rare but serious. If you experience any side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately or schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our providers.
Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, headache, dizziness.
Less Common Side Effects: Blurred vision, difficulty focusing, skin rash, itching.
Serious Side Effects: Heart rhythm problems, severe muscle weakness, hearing loss, seizures. These are rare but require immediate medical attention.
Contraindications for Chloroquine Use
A contraindication is a specific situation or condition where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm or worsen a patient’s condition. If you have any of the following conditions, taking Chloroquine may not be safe for you. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting any new medication.
Retinal or visual field changes: Chloroquine can cause damage to the retina, leading to vision problems. If you already have retinal or visual field issues, taking this medication may worsen your condition.
Allergy to Chloroquine: If you have had an allergic reaction to Chloroquine or similar medications, you should not take it, as it could cause serious allergic reactions like hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling.
Psoriasis: Chloroquine can trigger or worsen psoriasis, a skin condition that causes red, scaly patches. If you have a history of psoriasis, this medication may not be appropriate for you.
Porphyria: This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin. Chloroquine can exacerbate the symptoms of porphyria, leading to severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and neurological symptoms.
Heart conditions: Chloroquine can affect the electrical activity of the heart, potentially leading to arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats). If you have a history of heart disease or arrhythmias, this medication may not be safe for you.
Chloroquine Drug Interactions
Chloroquine can interact with other medications, which may increase the risk of side effects or reduce the effectiveness of either drug. Be sure to tell your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Below are some medications that may interact with Chloroquine:
Amiodarone (Pacerone): Both drugs can affect heart rhythm, increasing the risk of dangerous arrhythmias.
Digoxin (Lanoxin): Chloroquine can increase the levels of digoxin in your blood, which may lead to toxicity.
Cimetidine (Tagamet): This medication can increase the amount of Chloroquine in your bloodstream, raising the risk of side effects.
Antacids (e.g., Maalox, Mylanta): These can reduce the absorption of Chloroquine, making it less effective. It’s recommended to take antacids at least 4 hours before or after Chloroquine.
Azithromycin (Zithromax): Both medications can affect heart rhythm, increasing the risk of arrhythmias.
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Chloroquine in Pregnancy
Is it safe to take Chloroquine when pregnant?
Chloroquine is generally considered safe during pregnancy, especially for preventing or treating malaria. The risks associated with untreated malaria far outweigh any potential risks from the medication. However, it is crucial to consult your healthcare provider before starting Chloroquine if you are pregnant. They will help you carefully weigh the benefits against any possible risks to your baby.
Chloroquine while Breastfeeding
Is it safe to take Chloroquine while breastfeeding?
Chloroquine passes into breast milk in small amounts but is generally considered safe for breastfeeding mothers. The amount transferred to the infant is typically too low to cause harm. Nevertheless, it’s always best to consult your healthcare provider before using Chloroquine while breastfeeding to ensure the safety of both you and your baby.
Estimated Cost of Chloroquine Medication
The cost of a 30-day supply of Chloroquine without insurance can vary depending on the pharmacy and location. With a GoodRx coupon, the estimated price ranges from $25 to $35 for a 30-day supply. Prices may fluctuate, so it’s a good idea to check with your pharmacy for the most up-to-date pricing.
Possible Alternatives to Chloroquine
If Chloroquine is not suitable for you, there are alternative treatments and lifestyle adjustments available for various conditions. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to explore your options.
Malaria Treatment Alternatives
Alternatives to Chloroquine for malaria include Atovaquone-Proguanil (Malarone), Doxycycline, and Mefloquine. Preventive measures, such as using mosquito nets and insect repellents, are also essential in reducing the risk of malaria.
Amoebic Dysentery Treatment Alternatives
Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Tinidazole are commonly used to treat amoebic dysentery. Practicing good hygiene and drinking clean, safe water are critical preventive measures.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment Alternatives
Alternative treatments for rheumatoid arthritis include Methotrexate, Sulfasalazine, and biologics like Adalimumab (Humira). In addition to medication, physical therapy, regular exercise, and a balanced diet can help manage symptoms.
Lupus Erythematosus Treatment Alternatives
Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) is often used as an alternative to Chloroquine for lupus erythematosus. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants may also be prescribed. Regular exercise and stress management techniques can help reduce flare-ups.
Q Fever Treatment Alternatives
Doxycycline is the first-line treatment for Q fever. Preventive measures include avoiding contact with farm animals and consuming only pasteurized dairy products.
Schistosomiasis Treatment Alternatives
Praziquantel is the standard treatment for schistosomiasis. To prevent infection, it’s important to avoid freshwater sources in areas where the disease is common.
Leptospirosis Treatment Alternatives
Doxycycline and Penicillin are commonly used to treat leptospirosis. Preventive measures include avoiding contaminated water and wearing protective clothing in high-risk areas.
Babesiosis Treatment Alternatives
Atovaquone and Azithromycin are commonly used to treat babesiosis. Preventing tick bites by using insect repellent and wearing long sleeves can help reduce the risk of infection.
COVID-19 Treatment Alternatives
Chloroquine is no longer recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Instead, antiviral medications like Remdesivir or monoclonal antibodies may be used. Vaccination and following public health guidelines remain the most effective preventive measures against COVID-19.
Zika Virus Treatment Alternatives
There is no specific antiviral treatment for the Zika virus. Supportive care, including rest, fluids, and pain relievers, is recommended. Preventing mosquito bites is the best way to avoid infection.
Recent Updates on Chloroquine Research
Recent studies have explored the potential use of Chloroquine and its derivative, Hydroxychloroquine, for treating COVID-19. However, extensive research has shown that Chloroquine is ineffective for COVID-19 and may increase the risk of serious cardiac events. As a result, it is no longer recommended for this purpose.
Research continues into Chloroquine’s use for other conditions, such as autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Ongoing studies are also investigating its role in treating parasitic infections like malaria, where it remains a valuable treatment option in certain regions.
If you have any questions about Chloroquine or its alternatives, our telemedicine providers are available to help you make informed decisions about your health. Schedule an appointment today to discuss your treatment options.
