Cefepime Antibiotic: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Explained

Summary of Key Points

Cefepime is a prescription antibiotic used to treat a range of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections. It belongs to the cephalosporin class, specifically a fourth-generation cephalosporin, and works by eliminating bacteria. Cefepime is typically administered by injection and is often used in hospital settings. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. Our telemedicine providers are available to assist with any questions regarding Cefepime’s uses and dosage.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Maxipime

Generic Name: Cefepime

The generic name, Cefepime, refers to the active ingredient in the medication and is listed in parentheses next to the brand name.

Pharmacologic Category

Category: Cephalosporin (Fourth Generation)

Cefepime Dosage

Cefepime is prescribed to treat various bacterial infections. The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them before making any changes to your dose. You can also speak to one of our telemedicine providers for personalized advice on Cefepime dosage and administration.

1. Pneumonia: 1-2 grams every 8 to 12 hours for 7 to 10 days.
2. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): 0.5-1 gram every 12 hours for 7 to 10 days.
3. Skin and Soft Tissue Infection: 2 grams every 12 hours for 10 days.
4. Febrile Neutropenia: 2 grams every 8 hours for 7 days or until neutropenia resolves.
5. Intra-abdominal Infection: 2 grams every 12 hours for 7 to 10 days.
6. Sepsis: 2 grams every 8 to 12 hours for 7 to 14 days, depending on severity.
7. Meningitis: 2 grams every 8 hours for 7 to 21 days, depending on the organism.
8. Bone and Joint Infection: 2 grams every 12 hours for 4 to 6 weeks.
9. Respiratory Tract Infection: 1-2 grams every 12 hours for 7 to 10 days.
10. Bacteremia: 2 grams every 8 to 12 hours for 10 to 14 days.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Injection: 500 mg, 1 gram, 2 grams (as powder for reconstitution)

Cefepime Administration Instructions

Cefepime is typically administered by intravenous (IV) infusion or intramuscular (IM) injection. Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. If you are receiving this medication at home, ensure you are properly trained on how to administer it. Do not skip doses, and complete the full course of treatment even if you start feeling better. If you miss a dose, contact your healthcare provider for guidance on how to proceed with Cefepime administration.

Cefepime Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Like all medications, Cefepime can cause side effects. Some are common and mild, while others are rare but more serious. If you experience any side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Our telemedicine team is available to help manage any concerns related to Cefepime side effects.

Common Side Effects

1. Nausea and vomiting: Some patients may experience nausea or vomiting.
2. Diarrhea: Loose stools are a common side effect of antibiotics.
3. Rash: Mild skin rashes may occur.

Serious Side Effects (Rare)

1. Severe allergic reactions: Swelling, difficulty breathing, or hives may indicate an allergic reaction.
2. Seizures: In rare cases, Cefepime may cause seizures, especially in patients with kidney problems.
3. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (C. diff): Severe diarrhea that may occur during or after treatment.

Contraindications for Cefepime

A contraindication is a specific situation or condition in which a particular medication should not be used because it may be harmful. If you have any of the following conditions, you should not take Cefepime, or you should discuss it with your healthcare provider to weigh the risks and benefits.

1. Allergy to Cephalosporins or Penicillins: If you have a known allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics (like Cefepime) or penicillin antibiotics, taking Cefepime could cause a severe allergic reaction, including symptoms like rash, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face and throat.
2. Severe Kidney Disease: Cefepime is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. If you have severe kidney disease or are on dialysis, the drug may accumulate in your body, increasing the risk of serious side effects, such as seizures or encephalopathy (brain dysfunction).
3. History of Seizures: Cefepime can lower the seizure threshold, making seizures more likely, especially in people with a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorders. If you have a history of seizures, your doctor may need to adjust your dose or choose an alternative antibiotic.

Drug Interactions with Cefepime

It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are currently taking, as some drugs can interact with Cefepime, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.

1. Probenecid (Benemid): Probenecid can increase the amount of Cefepime in your body by reducing its elimination through the kidneys, which may lead to higher risks of side effects.
2. Furosemide (Lasix): Furosemide is a diuretic that can increase the risk of kidney damage when taken with Cefepime, especially in people with pre-existing kidney conditions.
3. Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin): When used together, Cefepime and aminoglycosides can increase the risk of kidney damage and hearing loss.
4. Valproic Acid (Depakote): Cefepime may lower the levels of valproic acid in your blood, reducing its effectiveness in controlling seizures.

Cefepime in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take Cefepime when pregnant?

Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, is classified as a pregnancy category B drug by the FDA. This means that animal studies have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. While no direct evidence suggests that Cefepime causes harm during pregnancy, it should only be used if clearly necessary, and when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any medication during pregnancy. If you are pregnant and require antibiotic treatment, our telemedicine providers can help you evaluate your options.

Cefepime while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take Cefepime while breastfeeding?

Cefepime is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. While it is generally considered safe during breastfeeding, there is a potential risk of side effects in the nursing infant, such as diarrhea or changes in gut flora. If you are breastfeeding and need Cefepime, it’s important to discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider. Our telemedicine providers are available to help you make an informed decision about using Cefepime while breastfeeding.

Estimated Cost of Cefepime

The cost of Cefepime can vary depending on the dosage and the pharmacy. Without insurance, the estimated cost for a 30-day supply using a GoodRx coupon typically ranges from $50 to $100. For the most accurate pricing, check with your local pharmacy, or consult one of our providers to explore cost-saving options for Cefepime treatment.

Possible Alternatives to Cefepime

If Cefepime is not suitable for you, or if you’re looking for alternative treatments, other options are available depending on the condition being treated. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Our telemedicine providers can assist you in exploring alternatives to Cefepime.

Pneumonia Treatment Alternatives

For pneumonia, alternatives to Cefepime may include antibiotics such as Levofloxacin (Levaquin) or Azithromycin (Zithromax). In some cases, lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and improving lung health, can also help prevent pneumonia.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Alternatives

Common alternatives to Cefepime for treating UTIs include Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). Staying hydrated and practicing good hygiene can also help prevent recurring UTIs.

Skin and Soft Tissue Infection Alternatives

Depending on the severity of the infection, alternatives to Cefepime may include Clindamycin or Doxycycline. Keeping wounds clean and dry is also important in preventing infections.

Febrile Neutropenia Alternatives

For febrile neutropenia, other broad-spectrum antibiotics like Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn) may be used as alternatives to Cefepime. Managing underlying conditions and supporting a healthy immune system are also crucial.

Intra-abdominal Infection Alternatives

Alternatives to Cefepime for intra-abdominal infections may include a combination of Metronidazole (Flagyl) and Ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding foods that irritate the digestive system can also support recovery.

Sepsis Treatment Alternatives

Depending on the source of infection, alternatives to Cefepime for sepsis may include Vancomycin or Meropenem. Early detection and treatment are critical, so seek medical attention immediately if sepsis is suspected.

Meningitis Treatment Alternatives

For meningitis, alternatives to Cefepime may include Ceftriaxone or Vancomycin, depending on the bacteria causing the infection. Vaccination can help prevent certain types of bacterial meningitis.

Bone and Joint Infection Alternatives

Alternatives to Cefepime for bone and joint infections may include Vancomycin or Linezolid. Physical therapy and proper wound care can also aid in recovery.

Respiratory Tract Infection Alternatives

For respiratory tract infections, alternatives to Cefepime may include Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin) or Doxycycline. Avoiding allergens and pollutants can also help manage symptoms.

Bacteremia Treatment Alternatives

Alternatives to Cefepime for bacteremia may include Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn) or Meropenem. Early treatment is essential to prevent complications, so consult your healthcare provider immediately if you suspect bacteremia.

Recent Updates on Cefepime Research

Recent studies have focused on Cefepime’s effectiveness in treating multi-drug resistant infections, particularly in hospital settings. Ongoing research is exploring its use in combination with other antibiotics to combat resistant strains of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally, new dosing strategies are being studied to optimize Cefepime administration in patients with kidney impairment, ensuring efficacy while minimizing side effects. If you have concerns about antibiotic resistance or the latest treatment options, our telemedicine providers can guide you through the most up-to-date information on Cefepime and its uses.

James Kingsley

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