Front Desk: 469-391-0070
Ampicillin Antibiotic: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Explained
Key Points About Ampicillin Antibiotic
Ampicillin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and urinary tract infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Ampicillin is available in different forms and strengths, with the dosage tailored to the specific infection being treated. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. Telemedicine appointments are available if you need to discuss your treatment options.
Names of Ampicillin Medication
US Brand Name: Principen
Generic Name: Ampicillin
The generic name refers to the active ingredient, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this article, the generic name is listed in parentheses.
Pharmacologic Category of Ampicillin
Ampicillin belongs to the Penicillin-class Antibiotic category, a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Ampicillin Dosage for Different Infections
Ampicillin is prescribed for various bacterial infections in adults. The dosage depends on the type and severity of the infection. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them before making any changes to your dose. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment for personalized guidance.
Ampicillin Dosage for Pneumonia
Dosage: 250-500 mg every 6 hours for 7-14 days.
Ampicillin Dosage for Meningitis
Dosage: 2 g every 4 hours for 10-14 days.
Ampicillin for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Dosage: 250-500 mg every 6 hours for 7-10 days.
Ampicillin Dosage for Endocarditis
Dosage: 2 g every 4-6 hours for 4-6 weeks.
Ampicillin for Gastroenteritis
Dosage: 500 mg every 6 hours for 5-7 days.
Ampicillin for Otitis Media (Ear Infection)
Dosage: 250-500 mg every 6 hours for 10-14 days.
Ampicillin for Sinus Infection (Sinusitis)
Dosage: 250-500 mg every 6 hours for 10-14 days.
Ampicillin for Skin Infections
Dosage: 250-500 mg every 6 hours for 7-14 days.
Ampicillin for Bacterial Infections
Dosage: 250-500 mg every 6 hours for 7-14 days, depending on the severity of the infection.
Ampicillin Dosage for Sepsis
Dosage: 2 g every 4 hours for 7-10 days.
Dosage Forms and Strengths of Ampicillin
Ampicillin is available in the following forms and strengths:
- Capsules: 250 mg, 500 mg
- Oral Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL
- Injectable Solution: 1 g, 2 g
Administration Instructions for Ampicillin
Ampicillin can be taken orally or administered by injection. For oral use, it is recommended to take it on an empty stomach, either 30 minutes before or 2 hours after a meal, to improve absorption. Be sure to complete the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but avoid doubling up on doses.
Ampicillin Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Like all medications, Ampicillin can cause side effects. While most are mild, some may be more serious. If you experience any concerning symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately or schedule a telemedicine appointment.
Common Side Effects (1-10%): Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash
Less Common Side Effects (0.1-1%): Allergic reactions, including hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face or throat
Rare Side Effects (<0.1%): Severe skin reactions, liver problems, blood disorders
Contraindications for Ampicillin Use
A contraindication is a specific condition where a treatment or medication should not be used due to potential harm. Several contraindications apply to Ampicillin, and patients should be aware of these before starting the medication.
Allergy to Penicillins: If you have a known allergy to penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics, you should not take Ampicillin, as it may cause a severe allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.
Mononucleosis (Mono): Ampicillin should not be used if you have mononucleosis, a viral infection. Taking Ampicillin while having mono can cause a widespread rash, which is often mistaken for an allergic reaction.
Severe Renal Impairment: If you have significant kidney problems, your body may not clear Ampicillin properly, leading to toxicity. Your healthcare provider may adjust your dose or recommend an alternative antibiotic.
Drug Interactions with Ampicillin
Ampicillin can interact with other medications, potentially affecting its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
Allopurinol (Zyloprim): Taking Allopurinol with Ampicillin may increase the risk of developing a rash.
Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pills): Ampicillin may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy. Consider using a backup method of contraception while taking Ampicillin.
Probenecid (Benemid): Probenecid can increase Ampicillin levels in your blood, raising the risk of side effects.
Warfarin (Coumadin): Ampicillin may enhance the effects of blood thinners like Warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Ampicillin in Pregnancy
Is it safe to take Ampicillin when pregnant?
Ampicillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy. It is classified as a Category B medication by the FDA, meaning animal studies have not shown harm to the fetus, though there are limited well-controlled studies in pregnant women. If you are pregnant and require an antibiotic, your healthcare provider will carefully weigh the benefits and potential risks before prescribing Ampicillin. Always consult your provider before taking any medication during pregnancy.
Ampicillin while Breastfeeding
Is it safe to take Ampicillin while breastfeeding?
Ampicillin is typically considered safe for use while breastfeeding. Although small amounts of the drug may pass into breast milk, it is not known to cause harm to nursing infants. However, if your baby develops symptoms such as diarrhea, a rash, or a yeast infection (thrush), contact your healthcare provider. As always, discuss any concerns with your provider before starting Ampicillin while breastfeeding.
Estimated Cost of Ampicillin Medication
The cost of a 30-day supply of Ampicillin without insurance can vary. With a GoodRx coupon, the estimated price for a 30-day supply of Ampicillin (500 mg, taken four times daily) typically ranges from $10 to $20. Prices may differ depending on the pharmacy and your location.
Possible Alternatives to Ampicillin
If Ampicillin is not suitable for you, or if you are considering alternative treatments, other options are available depending on the condition being treated. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss your options.
Alternatives for Common Infections
- Pneumonia: Alternatives include Azithromycin (Zithromax) or Levofloxacin (Levaquin). Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and staying up to date on vaccinations, can help prevent future infections.
- Meningitis: Depending on the cause, alternatives may include Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) or Vancomycin. Early treatment is essential, so consult your healthcare provider immediately if you suspect meningitis.
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Common alternatives include Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) or Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can also help prevent UTIs.
- Endocarditis: Treatment may involve antibiotics like Vancomycin or Gentamicin. Maintaining good oral hygiene and attending regular dental checkups can help prevent endocarditis in individuals at risk.
- Gastroenteritis: Often viral and not requiring antibiotics, gastroenteritis can usually be managed with hydration and rest. If bacterial, alternatives may include Ciprofloxacin (Cipro).
- Otitis Media (Ear Infection): Alternatives include Amoxicillin or Cefdinir (Omnicef). Keeping ears dry and avoiding exposure to smoke can help prevent future infections.
- Sinusitis: Alternatives include Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (Augmentin) or Doxycycline. Using a humidifier and staying well-hydrated can also help alleviate symptoms.
- Skin Infections: Depending on the type, alternatives may include Cephalexin (Keflex) or Clindamycin. Keeping wounds clean and dry is important for preventing skin infections.
- Bacterial Infections: Depending on the location and severity, alternatives may include Doxycycline or Ciprofloxacin. Practicing good hygiene can help reduce the risk of bacterial infections.
- Sepsis: Sepsis is a medical emergency, often treated with a combination of antibiotics such as Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam (Zosyn). Early detection and prompt treatment are critical for survival.
Recent Updates on Ampicillin Research
Recent research on Ampicillin has focused on its effectiveness against resistant bacterial strains. Studies are investigating how Ampicillin can be combined with other antibiotics to combat multi-drug resistant infections. Additionally, there is growing interest in using Ampicillin alongside beta-lactamase inhibitors to enhance its effectiveness against bacteria that produce beta-lactamase enzymes, which can break down Ampicillin and reduce its efficacy.
Currently, Ampicillin remains a widely used and effective antibiotic for many bacterial infections. However, antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern, and researchers continue to explore ways to improve its effectiveness. If you have concerns about antibiotic resistance or the suitability of Ampicillin for your condition, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss the latest treatment options.
