Clarithromycin Antibiotic: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Interactions

Summary of Key Points

Clarithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including respiratory infections, skin infections, and stomach ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Clarithromycin is available in different forms and strengths, and it’s essential to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for proper use. If you have any questions or concerns about your dosage, consult one of our telemedicine providers right away.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Biaxin

Generic Name: Clarithromycin

The generic name refers to the active ingredient in the medication, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this case, “Clarithromycin” is the generic name.

Pharmacologic Category

Macrolide Antibiotic

Clarithromycin belongs to the macrolide class of antibiotics, which also includes erythromycin and azithromycin. These antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, effectively stopping the bacteria from growing and multiplying.

Clarithromycin Dosage

Clarithromycin is prescribed for a range of infections. The dosage, frequency, and duration of treatment depend on the specific infection being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and never change your dose without consulting a doctor. If you need to speak with a healthcare provider, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with us.

Clarithromycin for Pneumonia

Dosage: 250-500 mg orally every 12 hours

Duration: 7-14 days

Clarithromycin for Bronchitis

Dosage: 250-500 mg orally every 12 hours

Duration: 7-14 days

Clarithromycin for Sinusitis

Dosage: 500 mg orally every 12 hours

Duration: 14 days

Clarithromycin for Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis

Dosage: 250 mg orally every 12 hours

Duration: 10 days

Clarithromycin for Skin Infections

Dosage: 250 mg orally every 12 hours

Duration: 7-14 days

Clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori Infection (Stomach Ulcers)

Dosage: 500 mg orally every 12 hours, in combination with other medications

Duration: 10-14 days

Clarithromycin for Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)

Dosage: 15 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours

Duration: 10 days

Clarithromycin for Mycobacterial Infections

Dosage: 500 mg orally every 12 hours

Duration: Long-term treatment, consult your healthcare provider

Clarithromycin for Chlamydia Infections

Dosage: 500 mg orally every 12 hours

Duration: 7-14 days

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Clarithromycin is available in the following forms and strengths:

1. Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg
2. Extended-release tablets: 500 mg
3. Oral suspension (liquid): 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL

Administration Instructions

Clarithromycin can be taken with or without food, although taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset. Swallow extended-release tablets whole; do not crush or chew them. If you are using the oral suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose and use a proper measuring device to ensure accuracy. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions on how to take this medication.

Clarithromycin Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Like all medications, Clarithromycin may cause side effects. While not everyone experiences them, it’s important to be aware of potential reactions. If you experience severe or persistent symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Common Side Effects (1-10%)

1. Nausea: Feeling sick to your stomach.
2. Diarrhea: Loose or watery stools.
3. Abdominal pain: Discomfort or pain in the stomach area.
4. Headache: Mild to moderate head pain.

Contraindications

A contraindication is a condition or situation where a medication should not be used because it could cause harm. For clarithromycin, several conditions and medications make it unsafe. Below is a list of contraindications and reasons why clarithromycin is not recommended in these situations.

1. Allergy to macrolide antibiotics: If you are allergic to clarithromycin or other macrolides (such as erythromycin or azithromycin), taking clarithromycin could trigger a severe allergic reaction, including difficulty breathing, rash, or swelling.
2. Severe liver disease: Clarithromycin is processed by the liver, so if you have severe liver disease, the medication may not be metabolized properly, leading to toxic levels in your body.
3. Severe kidney disease: If your kidneys are not functioning well, clarithromycin may not be cleared from your body efficiently, increasing the risk of side effects.
4. Heart rhythm disorders (QT prolongation): Clarithromycin can affect the heart’s electrical activity, potentially worsening conditions like QT prolongation, which can lead to dangerous heart rhythms.
5. Concurrent use of certain medications: Some medications, as listed in the next section, can interact with clarithromycin, increasing the risk of serious side effects, including heart problems or toxicity.

Clarithromycin Drug Interactions

Clarithromycin can interact with several other medications, increasing the risk of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of either drug. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking. Below is a list of common medications that interact with clarithromycin:

1. Statins: Medications like simvastatin (Zocor) and lovastatin (Mevacor) can increase the risk of muscle damage when taken with clarithromycin.
2. Blood thinners: Warfarin (Coumadin) may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with clarithromycin.
3. Antiarrhythmics: Medications like amiodarone (Pacerone) and sotalol (Betapace) can increase the risk of dangerous heart rhythms when combined with clarithromycin.
4. Benzodiazepines: Medications like alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium) may cause excessive sedation when taken with clarithromycin.
5. Calcium channel blockers: Medications like verapamil (Calan) and diltiazem (Cardizem) can increase the risk of low blood pressure and heart problems when taken with clarithromycin.

Clarithromycin in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take clarithromycin when pregnant?

Clarithromycin is classified as a Category C medication for pregnancy by the FDA. This means that while animal studies have shown potential risks to the fetus, there are no well-controlled studies in humans. As a result, clarithromycin should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s important to discuss this with your healthcare provider. They will help you weigh the risks and benefits and may suggest alternative treatments if necessary. If you’re uncertain or need further guidance, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to explore your options.

Clarithromycin while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take clarithromycin while breastfeeding?

Clarithromycin can pass into breast milk. Although there is limited information on its effects on a breastfeeding infant, there is a possibility of side effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, or allergic reactions in the baby. If you are breastfeeding, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider to determine whether clarithromycin is the best option for you. In some cases, an alternative antibiotic may be recommended. You can also consult one of our telemedicine providers to discuss your specific situation and explore other potential treatments.

Estimated Cost of Clarithromycin

The cost of clarithromycin can vary depending on the pharmacy and your location. Without insurance, the estimated price for a 30-day supply of clarithromycin (500 mg tablets) using a GoodRX coupon typically ranges from $30 to $70. Prices may fluctuate, so it’s a good idea to check with your local pharmacy or use a prescription discount service to find the most affordable option.

Possible Alternatives to Clarithromycin

If clarithromycin is not suitable for you, there are alternative treatments available for the conditions it is commonly prescribed for. Below are some possible alternatives for each condition. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to discuss these options in more detail.

1. Pneumonia: Alternatives include azithromycin, doxycycline, or levofloxacin. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and improving lung health, can also help prevent pneumonia.
2. Bronchitis: Other antibiotics like amoxicillin or doxycycline may be prescribed. Staying hydrated, using a humidifier, and avoiding irritants like smoke can help manage symptoms.
3. Sinusitis: Amoxicillin-clavulanate or doxycycline may be recommended. Nasal saline irrigation and avoiding allergens can help reduce symptoms.
4. Pharyngitis: Penicillin or amoxicillin are common alternatives. Gargling with salt water and staying hydrated can help soothe a sore throat.
5. Tonsillitis: Penicillin or amoxicillin are often used. Rest and hydration are key to recovery.
6. Skin infections: Cephalexin or doxycycline may be alternatives. Keeping the affected area clean and dry can help prevent further infection.
7. Helicobacter pylori infection: A combination of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and a proton pump inhibitor may be used. Avoiding spicy foods and alcohol can help manage symptoms.
8. Otitis media (ear infection): Amoxicillin or cefdinir are common alternatives. Keeping the ears dry and avoiding exposure to smoke can help prevent infections.
9. Mycobacterial infections: Rifampin and ethambutol are often used in combination with other antibiotics. Regular monitoring and closely following your treatment plan are essential.
10. Chlamydia infections: Azithromycin or doxycycline are commonly prescribed. Practicing safe sex and undergoing regular screenings can help prevent reinfection.

Recent Updates on Clarithromycin Research

Recent studies have raised concerns about the long-term use of clarithromycin, particularly in patients with heart disease. Some research suggests that clarithromycin may increase the risk of heart problems, including heart attacks, in certain populations. However, more research is needed to fully understand these risks. If you have a history of heart disease, it’s important to discuss this with your healthcare provider before starting clarithromycin. Additionally, ongoing studies are exploring the use of clarithromycin in combination with other treatments for conditions like Helicobacter pylori infection and mycobacterial infections. As new information becomes available, your healthcare provider can help determine whether clarithromycin remains the best option for your treatment plan.

James Kingsley

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