Cefotaxime Antibiotic: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Administration

Summary of Key Points

Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and sepsis. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Cefotaxime is typically administered via injection, either intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM), and is most commonly used in hospital settings. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. Our telemedicine providers are available to assist with any questions you may have regarding Cefotaxime.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Claforan (Cefotaxime)

The generic name, Cefotaxime, refers to the active ingredient. While it may be sold under different brand names, the active component remains the same.

Pharmacologic Category

Cefotaxime belongs to the class of Cephalosporin Antibiotics (Third Generation).

Other medications in this category include:

1. Ceftriaxone
2. Cefdinir
3. Ceftazidime

Cefotaxime Dosage

Cefotaxime is prescribed to treat a range of bacterial infections. The dosage varies depending on the type and severity of the infection. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them before making any changes to your dose. You can also reach out to one of our telemedicine providers for guidance on Cefotaxime dosage.

1. Bacterial Meningitis: 2 grams every 4 to 6 hours for 7 to 21 days.
2. Pneumonia: 1 to 2 grams every 6 to 8 hours for 7 to 14 days.
3. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): 1 to 2 grams every 8 to 12 hours for 7 to 10 days.
4. Sepsis: 2 grams every 6 to 8 hours for 7 to 14 days.
5. Skin Infections: 1 to 2 grams every 8 to 12 hours for 7 to 14 days.
6. Intra-abdominal Infections: 1 to 2 grams every 6 to 8 hours for 7 to 14 days.
7. Bone and Joint Infections: 2 grams every 6 to 8 hours for 4 to 6 weeks.
8. Endocarditis: 2 grams every 4 to 6 hours for 4 to 6 weeks.
9. Gynecological Infections: 1 to 2 grams every 6 to 8 hours for 7 to 14 days.
10. Respiratory Tract Infections: 1 to 2 grams every 6 to 8 hours for 7 to 14 days.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Cefotaxime is available in the following forms:

1. Injection: 500 mg, 1 gram, 2 grams (as powder for reconstitution)

How to Administer Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime is administered by injection, either intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM). It is typically given in a hospital or clinical setting. If prescribed for home use, your healthcare provider will give you detailed instructions on how to prepare and administer the injection. Always follow these instructions carefully, and contact your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns. Our telemedicine providers are also available to assist with any questions about administering Cefotaxime.

Cefotaxime Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Like all medications, Cefotaxime can cause side effects. Some are common and mild, while others are rare but may be serious. Always consult your healthcare provider if you experience any side effects, and seek immediate medical attention for severe reactions.

Common Side Effects of Cefotaxime

1. Diarrhea: Loose stools are a frequent side effect of antibiotics.
2. Nausea or Vomiting: Some patients may experience an upset stomach.
3. Injection Site Pain: Mild pain or swelling at the injection site is common.

Less Common but Serious Side Effects

1. Allergic Reactions: Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms.
2. Severe Diarrhea (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea): This can occur during or after treatment. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience persistent diarrhea.
3. Kidney Problems: Signs include changes in urine output or swelling in the legs. Contact your healthcare provider if you notice these symptoms.

Contraindications for Cefotaxime

A contraindication is a specific condition or situation where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. Understanding these situations is essential to avoid serious side effects or complications.

Cefotaxime is contraindicated in the following situations:

1. Allergy to cephalosporins: If you have a known allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics (such as ceftriaxone or cephalexin), you should not take Cefotaxime. It could trigger a severe allergic reaction, including rash, swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis.
2. Severe penicillin allergy: Some individuals allergic to penicillin may also react to cephalosporins like Cefotaxime. If you’ve had a severe allergic reaction to penicillin, such as anaphylaxis, avoid Cefotaxime.
3. Kidney disease: If you have severe kidney disease, Cefotaxime may not be safe, as it is processed by the kidneys. Impaired kidney function can lead to the medication accumulating in your body, increasing the risk of side effects.
4. History of colitis: If you have had colitis, particularly antibiotic-associated colitis, Cefotaxime may worsen this condition. Antibiotics can disrupt gut bacteria, potentially leading to severe diarrhea or colitis.

Drug Interactions with Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime can interact with other medications, which may increase the risk of side effects or reduce the effectiveness of either drug. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Some medications that may interact with Cefotaxime include:

1. Probenecid (Probalan): Used to treat gout, this medication can increase Cefotaxime levels in your blood, potentially leading to toxicity.
2. Aminoglycosides (e.g., Gentamicin, Tobramycin): These antibiotics can increase the risk of kidney damage when used with Cefotaxime.
3. Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Lasix): Commonly used to treat high blood pressure or fluid retention, these medications can increase the risk of kidney damage when taken with Cefotaxime.
4. Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin, Coumadin): Cefotaxime may enhance the effects of blood thinners, raising the risk of bleeding.

Cefotaxime in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take Cefotaxime when pregnant?

Cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin, is classified as a Category B medication for pregnancy by the FDA. This classification means that animal studies have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are not enough well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Generally, Cefotaxime is considered safe during pregnancy when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. However, it is essential to consult your healthcare provider before taking any medication while pregnant. If you require treatment during pregnancy, our telemedicine providers can help you find the safest option for both you and your baby.

Cefotaxime while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take Cefotaxime while breastfeeding?

Cefotaxime is typically considered safe for breastfeeding mothers. Only small amounts of the drug pass into breast milk, making it unlikely to cause harm to a nursing infant. However, some infants may experience mild side effects, such as diarrhea or yeast infections. If you are breastfeeding and need Cefotaxime, it is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider. Our telemedicine team is available to help you make an informed decision that best supports your health and your baby’s well-being.

Estimated Cost of Cefotaxime

The cost of Cefotaxime can vary depending on the pharmacy and your location. Without insurance, a 30-day supply using a GoodRx coupon is estimated to range between $50 and $100. Prices may fluctuate, so it’s a good idea to check with your local pharmacy or use a discount card to help reduce costs.

Possible Alternatives to Cefotaxime

If Cefotaxime is not the right option for you, there are other treatments available depending on the type of infection. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Our telemedicine providers can assist you in exploring these alternatives.

Bacterial meningitis: Alternatives may include other antibiotics such as ceftriaxone (Rocephin) or vancomycin. In some cases, corticosteroids may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation.

Pneumonia: Depending on the cause, alternatives may include azithromycin (Zithromax), levofloxacin (Levaquin), or doxycycline. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and improving air quality, can also help prevent pneumonia.

Urinary tract infection (UTI): Alternatives include antibiotics like nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). Staying hydrated and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract.

Sepsis: Treatment often involves a combination of antibiotics and supportive care. Alternatives may include piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) or meropenem (Merrem). Early detection and prompt treatment are critical for managing sepsis effectively.

Skin infections: Depending on the bacteria causing the infection, alternatives may include clindamycin or doxycycline. Keeping the affected area clean and dry can also aid in the healing process.

Intra-abdominal infections: Alternatives may include metronidazole (Flagyl) or piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn). In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue.

Bone and joint infections: Alternatives may include vancomycin or linezolid (Zyvox). In some instances, surgery may be required to remove infected bone or tissue.

Endocarditis: Alternatives may include vancomycin or daptomycin (Cubicin). Treatment often involves a prolonged course of antibiotics and may require surgery to repair or replace damaged heart valves.

Gynecological infections: Alternatives may include clindamycin or metronidazole (Flagyl). Practicing good hygiene and using barrier methods during sexual activity can help reduce the risk of infections.

Respiratory tract infections: Alternatives may include amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) or azithromycin (Zithromax). Avoiding smoking and staying well-hydrated can also support respiratory health.

Recent Updates on Cefotaxime Research

Recent studies have focused on Cefotaxime’s effectiveness in treating resistant bacterial strains. Research indicates that Cefotaxime remains effective against many bacteria, but concerns about antibiotic resistance are increasing. New studies are exploring combination therapies to enhance Cefotaxime’s efficacy, particularly in severe infections like sepsis and bacterial meningitis. Ongoing research is also investigating Cefotaxime’s role in treating infections in immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplants.

As antibiotic resistance continues to be a global concern, it is crucial to use antibiotics like Cefotaxime only when necessary and strictly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. If you have any questions about your treatment or would like to learn more about the latest research, our telemedicine providers are here to assist you.

James Kingsley

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