Dicloxacillin Antibiotic: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Interactions

Summary of Key Points

Dicloxacillin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including those affecting the skin, bones, and respiratory system. It belongs to the penicillin class of antibiotics and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Dicloxacillin is usually taken orally and is available in different strengths. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions when using this medication. If you have any questions, feel free to consult one of our telemedicine providers for further guidance.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Dicloxacillin

The “generic name” refers to the standard name of the medication, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this case, Dicloxacillin serves as both the brand and generic name.

Pharmacologic Category

Penicillin-class antibiotics

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Dicloxacillin Dosage

Dicloxacillin is prescribed for a range of bacterial infections. The dosage varies depending on the type and severity of the infection. Below are the recommended doses for adults:

1. Skin Infections: 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 7-14 days.
2. Bone Infections (Osteomyelitis): 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 4-6 weeks.
3. Respiratory Tract Infections: 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 7-14 days.
4. Endocarditis: 500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 4-6 weeks, depending on the severity.
5. Osteomyelitis: 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 4-6 weeks.
6. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 7-14 days.
7. Soft Tissue Infections: 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 7-14 days.
8. Bacterial Pneumonia: 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 7-14 days.
9. Septic Arthritis: 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 4-6 weeks.
10. Impetigo: 250-500 mg taken orally every 6 hours for 7-10 days.

Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your dosage. If you need assistance, you can schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for personalized advice.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Dicloxacillin is available in the following forms:

1. Capsules: 250 mg, 500 mg

How to Take Dicloxacillin

Take Dicloxacillin on an empty stomach, either 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water. It’s important to take the medication at evenly spaced intervals to maintain consistent levels in your bloodstream. Do not skip doses, and be sure to complete the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but avoid doubling up on doses.

Dicloxacillin Side Effects

Like all medications, Dicloxacillin may cause side effects. Most are mild, but some can be more serious. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience any of the following:

Common Side Effects (1-10%)

1. Nausea: A feeling of queasiness or discomfort in the stomach.
2. Diarrhea: Loose or watery stools.
3. Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or cramping in the stomach area.

Less Common Side Effects (0.1-1%)

1. Rash: Red, itchy skin that may indicate an allergic reaction.
2. Vomiting: Forceful expulsion of stomach contents.

Rare but Serious Side Effects (<0.1%)

1. Anaphylaxis: A severe allergic reaction that may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and hives. Seek emergency medical attention immediately.
2. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (C. diff): Severe, persistent diarrhea that may indicate a serious intestinal infection.

Contraindications

A contraindication is a specific condition or factor that makes the use of a particular medication unsafe. Dicloxacillin has certain contraindications that patients should be aware of before starting treatment. These include:

1. Allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics: Dicloxacillin is a penicillin-based antibiotic, so if you’ve had an allergic reaction to penicillin or cephalosporins, taking dicloxacillin could trigger a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis.
2. Severe kidney disease: Dicloxacillin is processed by the kidneys. If you have severe kidney disease, your body may not clear the medication properly, leading to potentially harmful levels in your system.
3. Liver disease: Dicloxacillin can affect liver function. If you have pre-existing liver disease, taking dicloxacillin could worsen your condition or cause liver damage.
4. History of colitis or gastrointestinal disease: Dicloxacillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the balance of bacteria in your gut, potentially worsening conditions like colitis or causing severe diarrhea.

Dicloxacillin Drug Interactions

Dicloxacillin can interact with other medications, which may reduce its effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Some known interactions include:

1. Warfarin (Coumadin): Dicloxacillin may reduce the effectiveness of warfarin, a blood thinner, which could increase the risk of blood clots.
2. Probenecid (Benemid): Probenecid can increase dicloxacillin levels in your blood, potentially leading to side effects.
3. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills): Dicloxacillin may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal birth control, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy.
4. Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., Doxycycline): These antibiotics may interfere with dicloxacillin’s effectiveness, reducing its ability to fight infections.

Dicloxacillin in Pregnancy

Is it safe to take dicloxacillin during pregnancy? Dicloxacillin is classified as a Category B medication by the FDA. This means that animal studies have not shown harm to the fetus, but there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. While dicloxacillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider to carefully weigh the potential benefits and risks before starting the medication.

Dicloxacillin while Breastfeeding

Is it safe to take dicloxacillin while breastfeeding? Dicloxacillin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. Although it is generally considered safe, there is a slight risk of allergic reactions or gastrointestinal issues (such as diarrhea or thrush) in the nursing infant. Always consult your healthcare provider before taking dicloxacillin while breastfeeding to ensure it’s the best option for both you and your baby.

Estimated Cost of Dicloxacillin

The estimated cost of a 30-day supply of dicloxacillin without insurance, using a GoodRx coupon, ranges from $10 to $20 depending on the pharmacy. Prices may vary, so it’s advisable to check with your local pharmacy or use a discount service like GoodRx to find the most affordable option.

Possible Alternatives to Dicloxacillin

If dicloxacillin is not suitable for you, or if you’re exploring alternative treatments, other options are available depending on the type of infection. Always discuss these alternatives with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for personalized advice.

Alternatives for Skin Infections

Alternatives include cephalexin (Keflex), clindamycin (Cleocin), or topical antibiotics like mupirocin (Bactroban). Keeping the affected area clean and dry may also help prevent infection.

Alternatives for Bone Infections (Osteomyelitis)

Treatment may involve intravenous antibiotics such as vancomycin or ceftriaxone, depending on the bacteria involved. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Alternatives for Respiratory Tract Infections

Alternatives include amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin), azithromycin (Zithromax), or doxycycline. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and staying hydrated, can also help manage symptoms and support recovery.

Alternatives for Endocarditis

Treatment typically involves intravenous antibiotics like vancomycin or gentamicin. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair damaged heart valves.

Alternatives for Osteomyelitis

Similar to bone infections, treatment may involve intravenous antibiotics like vancomycin or ceftriaxone. Surgery may be needed in more severe cases.

Alternatives for Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Alternatives include nitrofurantoin (Macrobid), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), or fosfomycin (Monurol). Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can help flush out bacteria and support recovery.

Alternatives for Soft Tissue Infections

Alternatives include clindamycin (Cleocin) or cephalexin (Keflex). Keeping the area clean and elevated can help reduce swelling and promote healing.

Alternatives for Bacterial Pneumonia

Alternatives include azithromycin (Zithromax), levofloxacin (Levaquin), or doxycycline. Rest, hydration, and avoiding smoking are important lifestyle changes that can aid in recovery.

Alternatives for Septic Arthritis

Treatment may involve intravenous antibiotics like vancomycin or ceftriaxone. In some cases, surgery may be required to drain the infected joint.

Alternatives for Impetigo

Alternatives include topical antibiotics like mupirocin (Bactroban) or oral antibiotics such as cephalexin (Keflex). Keeping the affected area clean and covering it with a bandage can help prevent the spread of infection.

Recent Updates on Dicloxacillin Research

Recent research on dicloxacillin has focused on its effectiveness against resistant strains of bacteria, particularly in skin and soft tissue infections. A 2022 study explored the potential for dicloxacillin to be used in combination with other antibiotics to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, more research is needed to confirm its efficacy in this area. Additionally, ongoing studies are evaluating the safety of dicloxacillin in patients with compromised liver function and its potential use in treating infections in immunocompromised individuals.

As always, it’s important to stay informed about the latest research and consult your healthcare provider to determine the best treatment options for your condition. If you have any questions or concerns, our telemedicine providers are available to help you navigate your treatment plan.

James Kingsley

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