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Diazoxide: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Overview
Summary of Key Points
Diazoxide is a medication used to treat conditions such as hypoglycemia, insulinoma, and hyperinsulinism. It works by preventing the release of insulin from the pancreas, helping to regulate blood sugar levels. Diazoxide is also prescribed for other conditions, including Cushing’s syndrome and hypertension. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or adjusting your dose. Our telemedicine providers are available to assist with managing your treatment.
Names of Medication
US Brand Name: Proglycem (Diazoxide)
The generic name refers to the active ingredient, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this case, Diazoxide is the generic name.
Pharmacologic Category
Categories:
- Antihypoglycemic Agent
- Vasodilator
Diazoxide Dosing Information
Diazoxide is prescribed for a variety of conditions, and the dosage may vary depending on the specific condition being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them before making any changes to your dose. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers for personalized guidance.
Diazoxide for Hypoglycemia
Adults: The typical dose ranges from 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses. The duration of treatment depends on the underlying cause of hypoglycemia and your response to the medication.
Diazoxide for Insulinoma
Adults: The usual dose is 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses. Treatment is often long-term, depending on the severity of the condition.
Diazoxide for Hyperinsulinism
Adults: The typical dose is 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses. The length of treatment varies based on the patient’s response.
Diazoxide for Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Adults: The dose is typically 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the condition and how well it is controlled.
Diazoxide for Cushing’s Syndrome
Adults: The dose is individualized based on the patient’s condition, generally starting at 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses.
Diazoxide in Hypertension Treatment
Adults: The typical dose is 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses. The duration of treatment is determined by your healthcare provider.
Diazoxide for Heart Failure
Adults: The dose is individualized based on the severity of heart failure, generally starting at 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses.
Diazoxide for Edema
Adults: The typical dose is 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses. The duration of treatment depends on the underlying cause of the edema.
Diazoxide for Diabetes Mellitus
Adults: The dose is individualized based on the patient’s condition, generally starting at 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses.
Diazoxide for Acute Kidney Injury
Adults: The dose is individualized based on the patient’s condition, generally starting at 3-8 mg/kg/day, divided into two or three doses.
Dosage Forms and Strengths of Diazoxide
Available Forms:
- Oral Suspension: 50 mg/mL
- Capsules: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg
Administration Instructions for Diazoxide
Diazoxide should be taken orally, with or without food. If using the oral suspension, shake the bottle well before each use. Measure the dose carefully with a special measuring device or spoon. Avoid using a household spoon, as it may not provide the correct dose. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions on how to take Diazoxide.
Diazoxide Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Like all medications, Diazoxide can cause side effects. Some are common, while others are rare but more serious. If you experience any side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. You can also schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our providers to discuss your symptoms.
Common Diazoxide Side Effects: These may include nausea, vomiting, and fluid retention (swelling in the legs or arms).
Less Common Side Effects: These may include dizziness, headache, and an increased heart rate.
Serious Side Effects: These include low blood pressure, heart failure, and severe allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, or swelling).
Contraindications for Diazoxide
A contraindication is a specific situation or condition where a medication should not be used because it may cause harm. If you have any of the following conditions, you should not take Diazoxide, or you should discuss these risks with your healthcare provider before starting the medication.
Allergic Reaction to Diazoxide: If you have had an allergic reaction to Diazoxide or any of its components in the past, you should not take this medication. Allergic reactions can result in symptoms like rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing, which can be dangerous.
Severe Heart Disease: Diazoxide can cause fluid retention, which may worsen heart conditions like heart failure. If you have severe heart disease, this medication could increase the risk of complications.
Uncontrolled Hypertension: Diazoxide can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. If you have uncontrolled high blood pressure, taking Diazoxide could lead to dangerously low blood pressure levels.
Diabetes Mellitus: Diazoxide can raise blood sugar levels, which can be harmful if you have diabetes. If you have diabetes, your blood sugar levels may become more difficult to control while taking this medication.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Diazoxide may not be safe to use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Please see the sections below for more details.
Drug to Drug Interactions
Diazoxide can interact with other medications, potentially increasing side effects or reducing the effectiveness of your treatment. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Some known drug interactions include:
Diuretics (Water Pills): Medications such as furosemide (Lasix) or hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) may increase the risk of fluid retention and low blood pressure when used alongside Diazoxide.
Insulin or Oral Diabetes Medications: Diazoxide can raise blood sugar levels, which may interfere with insulin or medications like metformin (Glucophage) or glipizide (Glucotrol) that are used to manage diabetes.
Blood Pressure Medications: Diazoxide may interact with medications that lower blood pressure, such as beta-blockers like metoprolol (Lopressor) or ACE inhibitors like lisinopril (Zestril), potentially leading to excessively low blood pressure.
Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners): Medications like warfarin (Coumadin) may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with Diazoxide, as it can affect how platelets function.
Diazoxide in Pregnancy
Is it Safe to Take Diazoxide When Pregnant?
Diazoxide is classified as a Category C medication by the FDA for use during pregnancy, meaning there is not enough research to confirm its safety for pregnant women. While animal studies have shown some risk to the fetus, there are no well-controlled studies in humans. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits of Diazoxide with your healthcare provider. They may suggest alternative treatments or closely monitor your condition if Diazoxide is deemed necessary.
Diazoxide While Breastfeeding
Is it Safe to Take Diazoxide While Breastfeeding?
Diazoxide is generally not recommended while breastfeeding, as it can pass into breast milk and potentially affect your baby. Possible side effects in infants include low blood sugar or fluid retention. If you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, consult your healthcare provider to explore safer alternatives. They may advise switching medications or recommend stopping breastfeeding while using Diazoxide.
Estimated Cost of Diazoxide
The cost of Diazoxide can vary depending on the pharmacy and your insurance coverage. Without insurance, a 30-day supply of Diazoxide (100 mg capsules) typically ranges from $1,500 to $2,000 when using a GoodRx coupon. Prices may differ, so it’s a good idea to check with your pharmacy or use a discount service like GoodRx to find the best available price.
Possible Alternatives to Diazoxide
If Diazoxide is not suitable for you, there are alternative treatments and lifestyle changes that may help manage your condition. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Our telemedicine providers are available to discuss these options with you.
- Hypoglycemia: Alternatives may include dietary adjustments, such as eating smaller, more frequent meals, or using medications like glucagon to raise blood sugar in emergencies.
- Insulinoma: Surgery to remove the insulinoma is often the preferred treatment. Medications like octreotide (Sandostatin) may also help manage symptoms.
- Hyperinsulinism: Dietary changes and medications like octreotide or nifedipine may be considered as alternatives to Diazoxide.
- Congenital Hyperinsulinism: In some cases, surgery may be required. Other medications, such as octreotide or glucagon, may also be considered.
- Cushing’s Syndrome: Treatment options include surgery, radiation, or medications like ketoconazole (Nizoral) to reduce cortisol levels.
- Hypertension: Lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake, losing weight, and exercising regularly, can help manage high blood pressure. Medications like ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers may also be alternatives.
- Heart Failure: Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and beta-blockers are commonly used to manage heart failure. Lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake and monitoring fluid levels, may also be beneficial.
- Edema: Diuretics like furosemide (Lasix) can help reduce fluid retention. Elevating the affected limbs and reducing salt intake may also provide relief.
- Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin or oral medications like metformin (Glucophage) are commonly used to manage diabetes. Dietary changes and regular exercise are also important components of treatment.
- Acute Kidney Injury: Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, such as dehydration or infection. In some cases, dialysis may be necessary.
Recent Updates on Diazoxide Research
Recent studies have explored Diazoxide’s use in treating congenital hyperinsulinism and other conditions related to excessive insulin production. Researchers are investigating the long-term safety and effectiveness of Diazoxide in children with congenital hyperinsulinism, as well as its potential use in combination with other medications to improve outcomes. Ongoing research is also examining genetic factors that may influence how patients respond to Diazoxide, which could lead to more personalized treatment options in the future.
As research continues to evolve, staying informed about new findings is important. If you have any concerns or questions, discuss them with your healthcare provider. You can also schedule a telemedicine appointment with one of our providers to review the latest information and how it may apply to your treatment.
