Cycloserine Antibiotic: Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Guide

Summary of Key Points

Cycloserine is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including tuberculosis and urinary tract infections. It works by preventing bacterial growth. Cycloserine is typically prescribed when other treatments have not been effective. It is important for patients to follow their healthcare provider’s instructions carefully and report any side effects they may experience. If you have any questions or need a prescription, our telemedicine providers are available to assist you.

Names of Medication

US Brand Name: Seromycin

Generic Name: Cycloserine

The generic name refers to the active ingredient, while the brand name is assigned by the manufacturer. In this article, the generic name is listed in parentheses.

Pharmacologic Category

Antibiotic, Antitubercular

Antibiotic, Antimycobacterial

Cycloserine Dosage Guidelines

Tuberculosis (Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary): The typical adult dose ranges from 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment duration can last from 6 to 12 months, depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s response to therapy.

Leprosy: 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment duration varies but may last several months to years, depending on the patient’s response.

Bacterial Infections (Severe): 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment typically lasts 7 to 14 days but may be extended based on the severity of the infection.

Mycobacterial Infections: 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment is often long-term, lasting several months.

Osteomyelitis: 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment usually lasts 4 to 6 weeks but may be extended depending on the infection’s response.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment typically lasts 7 to 14 days.

Meningitis: 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment usually lasts 7 to 21 days, depending on the severity of the infection.

Endocarditis: 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment typically lasts 4 to 6 weeks but may be extended based on the severity of the infection.

Brucellosis: 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment usually lasts 6 weeks but may be longer depending on the patient’s response.

Anthrax: 250 mg to 500 mg per day, divided into two doses. Treatment typically lasts 60 days, though this may vary based on the severity of the infection.

Always consult your healthcare provider before adjusting your dose. If you need to speak with a provider, our telemedicine service is available to assist you.

Dosage Forms and Strengths

Capsule: 250 mg

Administration Instructions for Cycloserine

Cycloserine should be taken orally, with or without food. It is important to take the medication at the same time each day to maintain consistent levels in your body. Swallow the capsule whole with a full glass of water. Do not crush or chew the capsule. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but do not take two doses at once. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions closely.

Cycloserine Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

Like all medications, Cycloserine can cause side effects. Some are common and mild, while others may be more serious. If you experience any side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Common Side Effects: These may include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and irritability. These side effects are usually mild and tend to subside as your body adjusts to the medication.

Serious Side Effects: These may include mood changes, confusion, seizures, or signs of an allergic reaction (such as rash, itching, or swelling). If you experience any of these, seek medical attention immediately.

Rare Side Effects: Some patients may experience severe mental health changes, including depression or suicidal thoughts. If you notice any unusual changes in your mood or behavior, contact your healthcare provider right away.

Contraindications for Cycloserine Use

A contraindication is a specific situation or condition where a medication should not be used because it may be harmful. If you have any of the following conditions, Cycloserine may not be safe for you. Always inform your healthcare provider about your medical history before starting any new medication.

Severe Kidney Disease: Cycloserine is processed by the kidneys, and if your kidneys are not functioning properly, the drug can accumulate in your system, leading to toxicity.

History of Seizures: Cycloserine can increase the risk of seizures, especially in individuals with a history of epilepsy or other seizure disorders.

Severe Anxiety or Depression: Cycloserine may worsen mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, or psychosis. It can also increase the risk of suicidal thoughts.

Alcoholism: Chronic alcohol use can increase the risk of seizures and other side effects when taking Cycloserine.

Allergic Reaction to Cycloserine: If you have had an allergic reaction to Cycloserine in the past, you should not take it again, as it could cause a serious or life-threatening reaction.

Drug to Drug Interactions with Cycloserine

Cycloserine, an antibiotic commonly used to treat tuberculosis, can interact with other medications, potentially increasing the risk of side effects or reducing the effectiveness of either drug. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Below are some common medications that may interact with Cycloserine:

1. Isoniazid (Nydrazid): Taking Isoniazid alongside Cycloserine can increase the risk of nervous system side effects, such as dizziness, confusion, and seizures.
2. Phenytoin (Dilantin): This anti-seizure medication may interact with Cycloserine, raising the likelihood of seizures.
3. Alcohol: Consuming alcohol while taking Cycloserine can heighten the risk of seizures and other nervous system-related side effects.
4. Ethionamide (Trecator): Combining Ethionamide with Cycloserine may increase the risk of psychiatric side effects, including depression and confusion.
5. Carbamazepine (Tegretol): This medication, used to treat seizures and nerve pain, may interact with Cycloserine, increasing the risk of seizures.

Cycloserine and Pregnancy: Is It Safe?

Is it safe to take Cycloserine during pregnancy?

There is limited information on the safety of Cycloserine use during pregnancy. Animal studies suggest potential harm to the fetus, but there are no well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Cycloserine should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it is important to discuss this with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action. You can also consult one of our telemedicine providers for personalized advice.

Cycloserine While Breastfeeding: What You Need to Know

Is it safe to take Cycloserine while breastfeeding?

Cycloserine is excreted in breast milk, which may pose a risk of serious side effects in a nursing infant. If you are breastfeeding, it is essential to discuss the risks and benefits of taking Cycloserine with your healthcare provider. In some cases, you may need to consider alternative treatments or temporarily stop breastfeeding while taking this medication. Our telemedicine providers are available to help you make an informed decision.

Estimated Cost of Cycloserine Medication

The cost of a 30-day supply of Cycloserine can vary depending on the pharmacy and location. However, with a GoodRx coupon, the estimated cost for a 30-day supply of Cycloserine without insurance is approximately $1,000 to $1,200. Be sure to check with your pharmacy for the most accurate pricing, and consider using a coupon or discount program to help reduce the cost.

Possible Alternatives to Cycloserine

If Cycloserine is not suitable for you, alternative treatments may be available depending on your condition. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan. Below are some alternatives for conditions Cycloserine is commonly used to treat:

1. Tuberculosis: Alternatives include Rifampin (Rifadin), Isoniazid (Nydrazid), and Ethambutol (Myambutol). Lifestyle changes, such as improving nutrition and avoiding smoking, can also help manage symptoms.
2. Leprosy: Dapsone, Rifampin, and Clofazimine are commonly used alternatives. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing complications.
3. Bacterial Infections: Depending on the type of infection, antibiotics such as Amoxicillin (Amoxil) or Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) may be used. Practicing good hygiene can help prevent bacterial infections.
4. Mycobacterial Infections: Other antibiotics like Clarithromycin (Biaxin) or Azithromycin (Zithromax) may be used. Maintaining a healthy immune system can help prevent infections.
5. Osteomyelitis: Treatment may include antibiotics like Vancomycin (Vancocin) or surgical intervention. Maintaining good bone health through diet and exercise can also help.
6. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Common alternatives include Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). Drinking plenty of water and practicing good hygiene can help prevent UTIs.
7. Meningitis: Depending on the cause, antibiotics like Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) or antiviral medications may be used. Vaccination can help prevent certain types of meningitis.
8. Endocarditis: Treatment may include Penicillin or Vancomycin, and in some cases, surgery may be required. Good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups can help prevent endocarditis.
9. Brucellosis: Doxycycline (Vibramycin) and Rifampin are commonly used. Preventive measures include avoiding unpasteurized dairy products and ensuring proper food handling.
10. Anthrax: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and Doxycycline (Vibramycin) are alternatives. Vaccination is available for those at high risk of exposure.

Recent Updates on Cycloserine Research

Recent studies have focused on Cycloserine’s potential in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Researchers are exploring how Cycloserine can be combined with other medications to improve treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Additionally, ongoing research is examining the neurological side effects of Cycloserine, particularly its impact on mental health conditions like anxiety and depression. These studies aim to better understand the risks and benefits of Cycloserine, especially in vulnerable populations. If you are concerned about the latest findings, our telemedicine providers are available to discuss how this research may affect your treatment plan.

James Kingsley

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